tfwm 



^^h^kkk^MM 



r\Wr\^^^^mt^t\faM 






*frftfthi* 



^^^A^A^^Mr^^A, 






^K£a ' V V_YV: V aA *' 






imm^im^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.! 



j ^^.. .1.11 a... 



YVVWfB 



| UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. J 






./w^W 



w$& 



^A^^ ( 



miNWwt 



AX'A'SS' 



(Wj^WfiriT 






mnMtr&K&^.^Atititi 



/*a* n AM*aA*fiMWMi 



. *8 ifeM^ia* ^? ^^a^%5«^2^^f^ 






*mm 



AAaAi\*aAAAaAOA 



^fiSSSWw^VW 



^*aAa 















AaAAMAAaa* 



*wm, 



<»Ul'»V« 






a A * : taAi! - 



^W^W^. W M.^^^ 



i/N A^0AA^A^y^ ^^^ 



aaAAAAAAAAi 



Wflww 



rSftfrOnnr \AAA^^A a . ' ' - - - ~ : ^ - - - ; 5 - ?AA>>AA^SnnAn 






m^mmm^ 



^w^ 



5$W^^ 



nnArtnAAAAA**^ (8/9 ***-_ n J nA "^i v a"AA^^ a ^ 

^§®^A.£A/A^ 



^fl^^^A*...:! 



-%*A* iA ^, A ~l 



I 



:P 



i 



st<D<outB8tt&& 



IN 



182 7. 






WITH A MAP OF THE VILLAGE 



...»n»©e<«i*— 



ROCHESTER . 
PRINTED BY E, PECK & CO. 

February. 1823 




i 



ADVERTISEMENT. 

It was the intention of the publishers to affix a general 
Directory to the following summary account of the village of 
Jtochester, a portion of which has already been published ; but 
owing to the rapid increase of population, and the changes of 
residence, &c. since the census in autumn, they find it quite 
^practicable to furnish a correct list of the inhabitants, their 
occupations, or places of abode. This must be deferred to 
another season. In the mean time, measures will be taken to 
supply the deficiency ; while the publishers hope, at some 
future day, to be able also to present the publick with a more 
perfect and comprehensive picture of this highly flourishing 
und important town. 

An unavoidable errour is incurred in numbering the pages 
>f the present edition, owing to some omissions which have 
)een made, and which at this time are of little consequence. 
It will, no doubt, be overlooked by those who are more par- 
ticularly interested in the facts and observations here record- 
ed, than the manner in which they are presented to the 
publick. 

Rochester, February, 1828. 



Northern District of New- York, to zoit : 

a$4>*<$gi BE * T REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-ninth 
# t c *& ^ a y °f January, in the fifty-first year of the Independence 
j, L.. fe. «£ of the United States of America, A. D. 1827, Elisha Ely.. 
8###^@ of the said district, hath deposited in this office the title of 
tbook, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words follow* 
:ig, to wit: 

"A Directory for the village of Rochester, containing the names, 
residence and occupations of all male inhabitants over fifteen years ot 
age, in said village, on the first of January, 1827. To which is added, 
■i sketch of the history of the village, from 1812 to 1827." 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, enti- 
ced "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies 
of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
,;opies, during the times therein mentioned ;" and also, to the act 
entitled " An act supplementary to an act, entitled 'An act for the 
encouragement of learning, by securing the. copies of maps, charts, 
and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the 
imes therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the 
irta of designing, engraving and etching historical and other prints. ' 
R. R. LANSING, 
Clerk of the Northern District of New-York 






\f CONTENTS. 



Pag, 

Association, Medical - - - - - I4(i 

u Episcopal - 106 

African Church, ----- 147 

Bank of Rochester, - 113, 14C 

" Officers of 113, 150 

Baths, ------- 132 

bridges, ------- 123 

" Carthage ----- 133 

Buildings, Publick, ----- 123 

Basins, Canal ----- 122 

Boats, Freight - - - - - . 116 

Corporation, Officers of - - - - 103, 150 

Canal, Erie ------ 120 

Court-House, ----- 123 

Chapel, Roman Catholick - - - - 128 

" Methodist Episcopal - - - 127 

Church, Episcopal - - - - - 126 

" First Presbyterian - 125 

u Second Presbyterian - - - 147 

" Third Presbyterian - - - 147 

Dams and Mill Courses, - 122 

Engine Companies, - 104 

Fire Department, - 103 

" Wardens, 103 

Insurance, ----- 14$ 

Gaol, County ----- 124 

Genesee River, ------ 74 

" Harbour and Port of - - 135 

Health, Publick ----- 144 

" Law, 145 

High School, Monroe - - - - 136 

" K Rochester - - - 147 

Institutions, Publick - - - - 146 

" Literary - 109 



Institute, Franklin 

Intelligence Office, 

Improvements, General 14^* 

Lumber, ------ 116 

Monroe, County of 71 

Museum, ------ 146 

Masonick, - - - - - - 111 

Manufactures, - - - - - 117 

" Privileges for - - - 140 

" Miscellaneous, ... 119 

Mills, Flouring - - - - - 117 

Market, 128 

Manufactory, Cotton - - - - 118 

" Woollen - - - - 118 

Newspapers, - - - - - - 112 

Publick Houses, ----- 149 

Police, 98 

Population, 114, 138 

Post-Office, 112 

Poor-House, Monroe County - 133 

Rochester, Village of -85 

Reading Room and Library, - - - 146 

Societies, Religious - 104, 147 

" Benevolent - 104 

Society, Bible 106 

u Missionary - . 106 

" Female Charitable 104 

(i Female Benevolent - - - 108 

u Female Missionary - 107 

" Tract 108 

(i Pi Beta Gamma 147 

Schools, Sunday - 109 

Travellers, Directions for - - - - 129 

Theatre, 132 

Trade and Commerce, - - - - 115 

Village Statisticks, - 137 

Villages on the Canal, - - - - 130 

" on Stage Routes, - 131 

Water Power. - - - - - - 140 



DESCRIPTION AND BCI2M0B.ANDVMS 

OF THE 

COUNTY OF MONROE 

AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

The tract of country now forming the county of Mon- 
roe, extends along the southern shore of Lake Ontario, 
about 21 miles west and 14 miles east of the Genesee 
river ; its breadth southward from the lake being about 
22 miles. Its geographical position is, as nearly as it 
has been yet observed, between lat. 42° 51- and 43° 16' 
N. and between 3° 22' and 4° 03' west longitude from 
New-York. 

The face of the country, like that of the neighbouring 
counties on the lake, presents the general aspect of a 
level yet somewhat elevated table, sometimes dropping 
abruptly, and sometimes more gradually subsiding to the 
level of the lake. To a distant and general view, this 
level aspect is interrupted by only one narrow ridge, 
of gravelly consistence, rising in the town of Brighton 
and running in a northerly and easterly direction, in ap- 
pearance like an irregular and broken wave, with seve- 
ral pointed summits ; yet, on a closer inspection, the sur- 
face is considerably diversified. 

The shore of the lake is indented with numerous bays 
and inlets, of which the Irondequoit bay east, and Brad- 
dock's bay west of the river, are the most considerable. 
On the borders of the Irondequoit, and the creek of the 
same name, which discharges itself there, the surface 



\ # * \ • * •* 

J 72 

presents a most extraordinary and picturesque appear- 
ance. It consists of a multitude of conical or irregular 
mounds of sand and light earth, sometimes insulated and 
sometimes united, rising to an average height of 200 
feet from a perfectly level meadow of the richest alluvi- 
al loam. 

The rest of the country is diversified with gentle un- 
dulations retaining the remnants of their dense forests of 
beech, maple, and oak, on a deep yellow loam, cover- 
ed with six to ten inches of black vegetable earth — some 
light and sandy plains, supporting alternately the oak 
and pine — a portion of the land called Oak Openings, 
or sparse and scattering oak woods, on a solid calcan- 
eus gravel, and sometimes a lighter sand, mixed with 
clay — occasional patches of black-ash swale and pine 
swamp — and along the river and creeks, winding flats 
of the richest vegetable composition. 

The subterraneous structure of this region can hardly 
be considered as yet sufficiently explored, although the 
deep ravine cut by the Genesee river, from its falls at 
Rochester to the dropping of the surface near the lake, 
exposes to view a theatre of regular and beautiful stra- 
tification but rarely witnessed, and the late excavation 
of the Erie canal has afforded an additional key to the 
unlocking of its mineral treasures. Beginning at the 
lowest observable stratum, the arrangement seems to be: 
1st, Saliferous or salt rock ; this has been employed in 
building the aqueduct at Rochester — 2d, Grey band — 
3d, Ferriferous slate — 4th, Ferriferous sand rock ; — 5th, 
Calciferous iron ore — 6th, Calciferous slate, nearly 100 
feet thick ; this is the stratum cut into and exposed by 
the great falls in the village of Rochester — 7th, Geodife- 
rous lime rock, or swinestone, about 30 feet thick. The 
outcropping of this stratum forms what is called the 



73 

Mountain Ridge ; in the vicinity of Rochester, an»d bed 
of the river above the falls, it presents a dark, approach- 
ing to a slate colour, and has a peculiar fetid odour. 
The 8th, or Corniferous lime rock, overlays the former, 
and appears in the south part of the county, which, 
still farther south, is overlaid by bituminous shale and 
coal. 

It is probable that the fetid odour of the lime rocks 
is derived from their affinity to and cotemporaneous 
formation with the superincumbent bituminous strata. 
In the two last mentioned lime formations, sulphates 
of zinc, barytes and strontian, with sulphate of lime in 
the variety of snowy gypsum, as also fluate of lime, 
have been found. There are inexhaustible quarries of 
plaster of Paris in the town of Wheatland. The only 
metallick ore which has yet beeu found in quantity, is 
that of iron, of which a very productive variety, the 
bog ore, occurs in Penfield. Those presenting them- 
selves in the banks of the river have not been well ex- 
amined. 

The agricultural character of the soil of this district 
of country is that of the utmost fertility — the alluvion 
of the fetid lime stone which forms its base, being pecu- 
liarly adapted to the continued production of superiour 
wheat. Perhaps, also, the moistness of the climate, 
from its vicinity to the great lakes, contributes to this 
effect. It is said that a chymical analysis of Genesee 
wheat, shows it to contain more saccharine matter than 
that of the southern states, while the latter combines 
with a larger portion of water in the composition of 
bread. This may serve to explain why southern flour 
is more agreeable to the baker, but Genesee to the eater \ 
when they come into competition in our cities. 



74 

The Genesee River, the principal natural feature in 
this district, belongs to the eleventh class in Wood- 
bridge's arrangement of comparative magnitudes. It 
rises on the Grand Plateau, or great Table-land of 
Western Pennsylvania, interlocking with the head wa- 
ters of the Allegany and Susquehannah rivers, around 
which a tract of six miles square might be so located as 
to embrace their several waters which flow into the At- 
lantick ocean, through the bays of St. Lawrence, Mexi- 
co and Chesapeake, and probably elevated 1600 or 1700 
feet above the tide waters of the Atlantick.* 

It runs, from its source, about north 10° east, to Lake 
Ontario, about 150 miles — and about 125 miles in the 
state of New-York — through the counties of Allegan}', 
Livingston and Monroe, touching the southeast corner 
of Genesee. After crossing the Pennsylvania line into 
this state, it runs N. N. W. about 40 miles, to the Canea- 
dea Reservation, where it turns and runs N. N. E. or N. 
25° E. in nearly a uniform line as to its general course, 
but with numerous small curves and windings, embra- 
cing large tracts of rich alluvial soil. It receives the 
Canascraga creek, and Conesus and Hemlock outlets, 
on the east, and the outlet of Silver Lake and Allen's 
and Black creeks, on the west, beside many smaller 
streams. A few miles above the Gardeau Reservation, 
it has two falls, near together — one of 60, the other of 
90 feet. From the Reservation, it is navigable for boats 
to the head of the rapids, near Rochester — 90 miles by 
water and 50 by land — and from thence by the feeder 
two miles into the Erie canal at Rochester. The third 
fall of twelve feet, is immediately above the canal aque- 
duct : the fourth is the great fall of 97 feet, about 80 

* This is a region of bituminous coal, of good quality, 
supposed to be abundant in quantity. 



75 

rods below the aqueduct. From thence there are con- 
siderable rapids, to Carthage, 1£ miles, where the fifth 
fall, of 20 feet, occurs ; and twenty rods below, is the 
lower fall, of 105 feet. Half a mile below this fall, the 
river comes to the level of the lake, and affords sloop 
navigation, from Carthage and Hanford's Landing, four 
miles, to its mouth. 

This forms the Port of Genesee, which has a safe 
and convenient harbour of 20 feet water within, and 
from seven to eight feet on the bar, which lies half a 
mile in the lake. The whole fall in the river, from 
the head of the rapids, passing through the village of 
Rochester, to the lower falls, is estimated at 226 feet 
in the distance of 2>\ miles ; in which the waters of the 
river can be used four or five times over, for hydrau- 
lick purposes. 

The word Genesee is formed from the Indian name 
for Pleasant Valley, which is very descriptive of the 
river ; its banks, the alluvial flats, and the surrounding 
uplands, from ten to twenty miles on either side of it,' 
being equal to the lands of any other country of the 
same latitude. The Genesee flats in particular, to which 
probably the Indian appellation referred, must strike 
every eye as peculiarly worthy of the name. These are 
either natural prairies or Indian clearings, (of which, 
however, the Indians have no traditions,) and lying to 
an extent of many thousand acres, between the villages 
of Geneseo, Moscow and Mount Morris, which now 
crown the opposite declivities of their surrounding up- 
lands, and contrasting their smooth verdure with the shag- 
gy hills that bound the horizon, and their occasional 
clumps of spreading trees, with the tall and naked re- 
licks of the forest, nothing can strike with a more 
agreeable sensation the eye long accustomed to the in- 



|70 

tcrruptcd prospects of a level and wooded country. Had 
the Indians, who first gave this name to the valley, wit- 
nessed the flocks and herds that now enliven its land- 
scape, and the busy towns, with spires overlooking it 
from the neighbouring hills, the boats transporting its 
superabundant wealth down its winding stream, and the 
scenes of intellectual and moral felicity to which it con- 
tributes in the homes of its present enlightened occu- 
pants ; and had they been able to appreciate this, they 
would have contrived the longest superlative which their 
language could furnish, to give it a name. 

About forty years ago, the tract of country of which 
the county of Monroe forms a part, w r as only known as 
the hunting ground of such remnants of the Six Nations 
as survived the chastisement of Sullivan, and the still 
more destructive influence of frontier civilization. And 
many a veteran warriour is still alive, on the neighbour- 
ing reservations of Caneadea, Squakey-Hill, Canawa- 
gus, Seneca, Tonewanda, and Tuscarora, to entertain 
his degenerate sons with the exploits of his meridian 
vigour, when not a white man's axe had been lifted in 
all these forests. 

The pre-emptive title, however, to this territory was 
claimed by the state of Massachusetts, under its colonial 
charter, which contemplated the whole region between 
its north and south boundaries, from the Atlantick to 
the Pacifick ocean. The charter of the state of New- 
York interfered with this claim, and after various un- 
successful attempts to adjust their differences, under 
the Congress of the old confederation, they were at 
last happily settled by mutual commissioners, who 
met at Hartford, on the 16th day of December, 178C. 
According to this settlement, Massachusetts ceded to 
New-York the sovereignty and jurisdiction of all the 



territory claimed by the former within the limits of the 
latter, and New- York ceded to Massachusetts the proper- 
ty of the soil ; or, in the words of the settlement, " the 
right of pre-emption of the soil from the native Indians,'* 
— u to all the lands now in the state lying west of a line 
running due north from the 82d mile stone, on the north 
boundary of Pennsylvania, to the British possessions in 
Canada, excepting a tract ef one mile in width along 
the Niagara river." 

This line commences in the 42d degree of north lati- 
tude, 82 miles west of the northeast corner of the state 
of Pennsylvania, and is called the Pre-emption Line. 
It runs through the middle of the Seneca lake, at its 
north end, and about one mile east of Geneva, and also 
through Sodus bay. Dr. Spafford, in his Gazetteer, 
says, it proves to be the meridian of the city of Washing- 
ton.* 

In 178Tj Massachusetts sold this tract, containing six 
millions of acres, to Messrs. Oliver Phelps and Natha- 
niel Gorham, for one million of dollars ; or, for three 
notes of .£100,000 each, New-England currency, paya- 
ble in consolidated securities at par. 

In the following spring, Oliver Phelps, living at Gran- 
ville, Massachusetts, prepared himself with men and 
means to explore the country, and with great resolution 
and intrepidity took leave of his family, his neighbours, 
and the minister of the parish, who had assembled on 
the occasion, all in tears, and started on his expedition ; 
they bidding him a final adieu, scarcely hoping ever to 

* It is also the west boundary line of the Neiv-York Mili- 
tary Lands, which contain twenty-eight townships, each ten 
miles square — that proud and splendid monument of the grat- 
itude of New-York to her Revolutionary heroes — she gave 050 
acres of good land to every soldier ! ! ! 
8 



see him return again from an Indian country hardly 
yet pacified ! 

He persevered, and penetrated the wilderness, from 
the German flats, in Herkimer, to Canandaigua,* a 
distance of 128 miles by the present improved road — 
sent out runners, and collected the sachems, chiefs and 
warriours of the Six Nations, and in July, 1788, with the 
aid of the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, as State Commission- 
er, and Indian Missionary, concluded a treaty and pur- 
chase of a tract containing about 2^ million of acres ; 
bounded east by the pre-emption line, west by a meridi- 
onal line, running from a point in the north line of Penn- 
sylvania, 42 miles west of the 82d mile stone, to an elm 
tree, in the forks of the Genesee and Canascraga ; thence 
down the Genesee, as it meanders, to a point two miles 
north of the Canawagus village, [now near Avon bridge,] 
thence due west twelve miles, [l|- miles south of the vil- 
lage of Le Roy,] thence northerly, parallel to the gene- 
ral course of the Genesee river, [N. 24° E.] to Lake 
Ontario — which course forms the east line of the Tri- 
angle Tract, so called, and is about 24 miles long. 

The reason of this remarkable offset of twelve miles 
to the westward, may not be unworthy of notice, as il- 
lustrative of the change in the value of landed property 
which has taken place since that time. Mr. Phelps 
proposed the erection of mills at the falls of the river, 
now at Rochester, and wished for a competent space 
around them for a mill-yard. To this the Indians assent- 
ed, and gave him the aforesaid offset, being a space of 
12 miles by 24, for that purpose. 

After a mill had been erected by a Mr. Allen, and 
the Indians came to see it, and the quantity of ground 
requisite for a mill-yard, they uttered their interjection 

* Meaning a chosen place, in the Indian language. 



79 

of" surprise, quo ah ! and added, kauskonchicos ! (signi- 
fying, in the Seneca language, waterfall,) and this ever 
after became the Indian name for Mr. Phelps. 

The kindness, however, and good faith with which 
Mr. Phelps, like the celebrated William Penn, always 
conducted his intercourse with the Indians, did not fail 
to secure their confidence and affection ; in token of 
which, they adopted both him and his son, Oliver L. 
Phelps, as honorary members of their national councils. 

The leading chiefs and warriours concerned in these 
negotiations, were Farmer's Brother, the grand sachem, 
and who, for his political wisdom, might be called the 
George Clinton of the Six Nations — and Red Jacket, 
the celebrated orator, who is still alive. 

After the treaty, Mr. Phelps surveyed the land into 
tracts, denominated Ranges, running north and south, 
and subdivided the ranges into tracts of six miles square, 
denominated Toumships, and designated each by num- 
bers, beginning to number both ranges and townships at 
the 82d mile stone, in the southeast corner of the tract, 
[now the southeast corner of Steuben county,] num- 
bering the townships northwardly to the lake, from 1 to 
14 — and the ranges westwardly, from 1 to 7* Thus, 
Bath is designated as township No. 4, in the 3d range ; 
Canandaigua as township No. 10, in the 3d range ; Pitts- 
ford as No. 12, in the 5th range ; and Brighton as No. 
13, in the 7th range of townships, in Gorham & Phelps J 
purchase. 

As the Genesee river runs about 24° east of north, 
below Avon, and Mr. Phelps continued his 7th range of 
townships to the lake, the 5th range was left to contain 
but twelve, and the 6th range but ten townships — and in 
order to square the tract lying west of Genesee river, 
he set off two townships near the lake, which he called 



80 

the Short Range, now comprising the towns of Gates 
and Greece ; and the present towns of Caledonia,Wheat- 
land, Chili, Riga, Ogden, and Parma, being then four 
townships, he called the first range of townships west 
of Genesee river, in Gorham & Phelps' purchase. 

This tract formed the counties of Ontario and Steuben 
for many years, until 1821, when Monroe and Living- 
ston counties were formed, except that part of it lying 
west of the river, which was annexed to the county of 
Genesee at its organization in 1802, and the south part 
of the 7th range set off from Steuben to Allegany. 

In 1789, Oliver Phelps opened a land office in Can- 
andaigua — this was the first land office in America for 
the sale of her forest lands to settlers. And the system 
which he adopted for the survey of his lands by town- 
ships and ranges, became a model for the manner of 
surveying all the new lands in the United States ; and 
the method of making his retail sales to settlers by Arti- 
cles, has also been adopted by all the other land offices 
of individual proprietorships that have followed after him. 

The Article was a new device, of American origin, 
unknown in the English system of conveyancing ; grant- 
ing the possession, but not the fee of the land ; facilitating 
the frequent changes among new settlers, enabling them 
to sell out their improvements "and transfer their pos- 
session by assignment, and securing the reversion of the 
possession to the proprietor, where they abandoned the 
premises. His land sales were allodial ; and the other 
land offices following his example, have rendered the 
Genesee farmers all fee simple land holders, which has 
increased the value of the soil and the enterprize of the 
people. 

Oliver Phelps may be considered the Cecrops of the 
Genesee country. Its inhabitants owe a mausoleum to 



81 

iiis memory, in gratitude for his having pioneered for 
them, the wilderness of this Canaan of the west. 

Gorham and Phelps sold out about one third of this 
tract by townships and parts of townships, to companies 
and individuals, to settlers and speculators, who invited 
an emigration into the country that soon formed the new 
county of Ontario, (taken from Montgomery,) which, by 
the U. S. census of 1790, contained a population of 1075. 

On the 8th of November, 1790, they sold nearly all 
the residue to Robert Morris, containing 1,264,000 acres, 
for eight pence lawful money per acre — who sold the 
same to Sir William Pulteney, for the sale of which the 
latter opened a land office at Geneva, and also at Bath. 
under the agency of Charles Williamson. 

Gorham and Phelps, not being able to pay the whole 
purchase money, compromised, and surrendered to Mas- 
sachusetts that part of the land to which the Indian title 
remained unextinguished, being about two-thirds of the 
western part of it; in consideration of which, the state 
cancelled two of their notes. 

In 1796, Robert Morris purchased the aforesaid land 
of Massachusetts — extinguished the Indian title — sold 
out several tracts of fifty and one hundred thousand 
acres off the east side of the tract, and along the Gene- 
see river ; and mortgaged the residue to Wilhelm Wil- 
Hnk and others, of Amsterdam, called the Holland Land 
Company, under which the company afterward acquired 
the title ; surveyed it, and in 1801, opened aland office 
at Batavia, under the agency of Joseph Ellicott,for the 
sale thereof.* 

. * It would be a good measure of publick economy, to gel 
the early and leading titles to the lands in the Genesee country, 
collated and authenticated by an act of the legislature, to be 
used in our courts of record, in evidence on litigated titles ; 
and save the expense of special exemplifications of them for 
every cause, 8 * 



82 

The early settlements of the country were mostly 
made in the vicinity of the Buffalo road, as the leading 
avenue through it. The earliest settlements in the terri- 
tory, now the county of Monroe, were those made in 
1790, by Israel and Simon Stone, in Pittsford, Glover Per- 
rin, in Perinton ; by Peter ShaeiTer, on the flats of the 
Genesee, near Scottsville ; by Orange Stone, in Brighton ; 
and in 1791, by William Hincher, at the mouth of the 
river : and four out of these six patriarchs of the forest 
are still living. The two last lived twelve miles apart, 
and for several years without an intervening neighbour ; 
and such was the eccentrick turn of the last named, that, 
as fame reports, he was jealous of all new comers, fearing 
they would disturb the tranquillity of this conveniently dis- 
tant neighbourhood. In 1796, Zadock Granger and Gid- 
eon King settled at the upper landing, four miles from 
the mouth of the river. In 1805, the harbour of Gen- 
esee was made a port of entry, and Samuel Latta was 
appointed the collector. In 1822, the United States gov- 
ernment erected a light-house for the harbour. 

Monroe County was erected by a law passed Feb. 20, 
1821, and named in honour of James Monroe, then Pre- 
sident of the United States; and organized by holding 
the first term of the County CourJ,on the 8th of May, 1821. 
It was taken from Ontario and Genesee counties, viz : 
the towns of Brighton, Pittsford, Penfield, Perinton. 
Henrietta, Mendon, and a part of Rush, [that part of T. 
No. 11, in the 7th range, north of the Honeoye outlet,] 
lying east of the Genesee river, from the county of On- 
tario ; and the towns of Gates, Parma, Clarkson, Swe- 
den, Ogdcn,Riga and Wheatland, lying on the west side 
of Genesee river, from the county of Genesee. 

Since then, the town of Greece has been erected from 
the north end of Gates ; the town of Chili from the 



east end of Riga ; and the south part of T. No. 11, in 
the 7th range, taken from Avon, in the county of Liv- 
ingston, and added to Rush. The county now contains 
sixteen sizeable towns, and comprehends a territory of 
about 675 square miles, or 420,000 acres; bounded on 
the E. by Wayne ; on the S. E. by Ontario ; and on the 
S. by Livingston ; on the S. W. by Genesee ; on the W. 
by Orleans county ; and on the N. by the national and 
state territorial line in the middle of lake Ontario. When 
erected, it contained a population of 26,526, by the 
Tnited States census of 1820. 

The first county officers were, Elisha B. Strong, First 
Judge ; Timothy Barnard, sen. Levi IT. Clarke, and John 
Gowman, Associate Judges. Nathaniel Rochester, 
Clerk ; James Seymour, Sheriff; Timothy Childs, Dis- 
trict Attorney ; and Elisha Ely, Surrogate ; 

The present officers are, Moses Chapin, First Judge; 
Brooks Mason, Timothy Barnard, Jr. William B. Brown, 
and Timothy Childs, Associate Judges. James Sey- 
mour, Sheriff; Simon Stone, 2d, Clerk; Daniel D. Bar- 
nard, District Attorney ; and Orrin E. Gibbs, Surro- 
gate. 



THE VILLAGE OF ROCHESTER* 

The village of Rochester is situated on both the 
eastern and western banks of the Genesee river, seven 
miles from its mouth, at lake Ontario, and includes the 
third and fourth of the six several falls on the river : the 
third, or upper one, is a small fall of twelve feet, situated 
at the foot of the rapids, and immediately above where 
the canal aqueduct is erected ; and the other is the 
great fall of 97 feet, situated 80 rods below. It is 2£ 
miles south of where the alluvial ioay or celebrated 
Ridge Road intersects the river, and at the first bridging 
place south of the lake, with accessible and convenient 
banks for crossing it; and also for passing around the 
head of the Irondequoit, (or Taoronto bay, as Dr. Spaf- 
ford calls it,) giving c continuation to the Ridge Road 
from east to west. It is also three miles south from 
Hanford's landing on the west side of the river, and 2 
miles from Carthage landing, the head of sloop naviga- 
tion from the lake, on the east side ; and about 35 miles 
by land, and 70 by water, from Mount Morris, to which 
place the river is navigable at all times ; and 50 miles 
by land, and 90 by water, from Gardeau, or the second 
of the upper falls, which is the head of navigation du- 
ring freshets. The two lower falls are at Carthage, l\ 
miles below the village. 

The grand Erie Canal, after curving along the decliv- 
ity of the mountain ridge from the N. W. passes through 
the middle of the village, crosses the river in a splen- 
did aqueduct, and thence runs along the eastern bank up 



86 

the stream about eighty rods to a small ravine, through 
which it resumes its course eastwardlv. 

This situation, together with the vast water power, 
conspire to give the village its commanding position for 
trad©, by the lake, the river, and the canal, as well as 
for manufactures. 

The canal, at this place, is 501 feet above the tide 
waters of the Hudson, 270 feet above Lake Ontario, and 
1)4 feet below Lake Erie. 

The village corporation contains about 720 acres on 
the west, and 430 on the east side of the river. 

It is 218 miles west of Albany — 28 northwest of Can- 
andaigua — and 35 nearly northeast of Batavia. 

It is situated in latitude 43° N. and about 40' W. lon- 
gitude from the meridian of the city of Washington. 

The Mill Lot, so called, lying in the centre of the vil- 
lage, on the west side of the river, and containing 100 
acres, was a gift from Oliver Phelps to Ebenezer Allen, 
in 1789, in consideration of his building a grist-mill on 
it, for the accommodation of the new settlers then mov- 
ing into the country. But the settlements being mostly 
made along the main road leading through Canandaigua 
to Buffalo, left this section of the country to remain a 
wilderness for several years. Mr. Allen moved away, 
left his mill to go to decay, and sold his lot, which passed 
through several hands to the Pulteney estate. 

In 1802, Nathaniel Rochester, William Fitzhugh, and 
Charles Carroll, of Maryland, purchased the lot, and left 
it remaining unoccupied until 1812, when they surveyed 
it into village lots, opened it for sale, and gave it the 
name of Rochester, the family name of the senior pro- 
prietor. 

The other lands now occupied as the village of Ro- 
chester, were farm-lots Nos. 47 to 54, in township No. 3 . 



87 

short range, west of the Genesee river, and now the town 
of Gates : and Nos. 3 to 10, with 36, and a lot called the 
Hatchet Piece, of the third division of township No. 13, 
of the 7th range, east of Genesee river, and now the 
town of Brighton, 

The lots on the west side, were a part of a tract of 
20,000 acres, bought of Phelps and Gorham by a com- 
pany of seven purchasers, in the year 1791, and parti- 
tioned between them by lot. Charles Harford, one oi 
these, made the first improvements in the N. W. part 
of the village, about the year 1807, by building a small 
mill, with one run of stones, 1\ feet in diameter : but it 
was not till 1812, when lots Nos. 48 and 49 were pur- 
chased by Matthew Brown, Jr. Francis Brown, and 
Thomas Mumford, that this portion of the village was 
surveyed as building lots, and denominated Frankfort, 
after the Christian name of Francis Brown. 

The centre of the village east of the river, was a part 
of the farm of Enos Stone, a part also of a larger 
joint purchase from the Phelps and Gorham estate,, in 
the year 1789, for Is, 6d. New-England currency, per 
acre. A little clearing was made on this land — a log 
house built on the bank of the river, and a saw-mill 
erected near the fording place, about 1808 ; but it was 
not till 1817, that this part of the village was much im- 
proved. At that time, Elisha Johnson, having purchased 
80 acres from the west side of Enos Stone's farm, sur- 
veyed and laid it out into building lots. 

James, son of Enos Stone, is believed to have been 
the first child born in Rochester, May 4, 1810. 

The N. E. part of the village, or lots Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7, 
were owned by Moses Atwater, and Samuel I. Andrews. 
Their first improvements began in 1813. 

The first bridge at this place, (where the middle bridge 



88 

now stands,) was commenced in the year 1810, and fin- 
ished in 1812, at the joint expense of the counties oi 
Ontario and Genesee, amounting to $12,000. Previous 
to this, the river was crossed by fording on the level 
rocky bottom, about twenty rods above where the canal 
aqueduct is now erected ; the only bridge then on the 
river, was where it is intersected by the Buffalo road at 
\von, twenty miles distant from this place. 

Hitherto, there was nothing in the appearance or 
prospects of the place where Rochester now stands, to 
indicate the unexampled growth which it has experienced 
since 1812. Its water-falls, indeed, afforded the prospect 
of advantages for hydraulick machinery ; but the small 
productions of the surrounding country, and the superi- 
our prospects, as it then seemed, of other points in the 
vicinity for commercial purposes, were but little calcu- 
lated to excite sanguine expectations. 

In the month of January, 1810, Frederick Hanford 
opened a store of goods, at what was then called the up- 
per landing, or Fall-Town, (being the first merchant's 
store on the river below Avon,) and opened the way to 
the trade of the river and lake. Hence, that place has 
since been called Hanford's landing. The village, also, 
at the mouth of the river, attracted some attention, and 
promised to become a place of trade. 

It may tend to give an idea of the commercial and 
civil importance of all those points at that time, to state 
that the mail was then carried from Canandaigua once 
a week, on horseback, and part of the time by a woman ! 

From the year 1 8 1 2,which may be regarded as the birth 
year of Rochester, as a village, we shall note, in the 
form of annals, whatever events contributed to its growth 
and increase up to the present time ; and whatever else 
may seem worthy of being remembered, as connected 
with its history. 



89 

i $12 — The bridge across the Genesee river was finished. 

The proprietors of the Allen mill lot surveyed 
it into village lots, and opened it for sale and 
settlement. 

Isaac W. Stone built a house and opened a ta- 
vern, opposite the place where the Methodist 
brick chapel now stands, on the east side of 
the river; which was the only tavern in the 
place for two or three years. He also built a 
saw-raill near Enos Stone's log house. 

Matthew Brown, Jr. Francis Brown, and Thomas 
Mumford, purchased lots Nos. 48 and 49, laid 
them out in village lots, and called it Frank- 
fort, The only improvements then were Mr. 
Harford's grist and saw mills and two log 
houses. 

Moses Atwater and Samuel I. Andrews purchas- 
ed lots Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7, in the 3d division of 
lots, in township No. 13, in the 7th range, about 
the great falls, on the east side of the river, 
(which now forms the northeast section of the 
village,) and commenced their improvements. 

A Post-Office was established in the village. Its 
first quarterly income was $3 42cts. 

In July, of this year, the first merchant's store 
was opened, by Ira West. 
L813 — The Legislature granted $5,000, for cutting out 
the path and bridging the streams on the Ridge 
Road, between this place and Lewiston, which 
was then almost impassable. 

There were three houses built and occupied on 

the west side of the river. The land where the 

publick buildings now stand, was cleared. 

sown with wheat, and afterwards used as a pa?- 





90 

1813. ture. The mill race, south of Buffalo-street, 
was opened by Rochester & Co. [There is 
now in the same place a large and commodi- 
ous canal, which supplies water for three flour- 
ing mills, five saw-mills, a trip hammer and 
nail factory, and considerable other machinery.] 
1814 — On the 14th of May, Sir James L. Yeo, admiral 
of the British fleet on Lake Ontario, anchored 
off the harbour at the mouth of the river, with 
five large and eight smaller vessels of war ; 
when all the male inhabitants of the village, ca- 
pable of bearing arms, (being 33,) turned out 
with the militia of the neighbouring towns, 
to prevent his landing, leaving only two men 
to take the women and children into the woods, 
in case he should land and send a detachment 
of troops, as had been threatened, to burn 
the bridge across the river. 
The first mercantile operations of any impor- 
tance in the village commenced this year. 
1815 — Elisha Ely, Hervey Ely, and Josiah Bissell, Jr. 
finished the red mill, with four run of stones, 
now owned by Ebenezer S. Beach. 
Samuel Hildreth, of Pittsford, commenced run- 
ning a stage and carrying the mail, twice a 
week, between this place and Canandaigua. 
A private weekly mail route was established be- 
tween this place and Lewiston — dependent on 
the income of the post-oflices on the route for 
its support. 
M. Brown, Jr. F. Brown, and T. Mumford, com- 
menced their mill canal, at the head of tfrr- 
great falls, and finished it in 1816. 



91 

1815. The building of the cotton factory, in Frankfort, 
was commenced by an incorporated company- 

Abelard Reynolds opened the first tavern on the 
west side of the river, on Buffalo-street. 

In December, the first census of the village was 
taken — population, 331. 

Aug. 22 — The first religious society in the place 
was organized, consisting of 16 members, 14 of 
whom are still alive. 

The purchase of produce in any considerable- 
quantity, from the surrounding country, com- 
menced this year. 
1816 — Caleb Lyon commenced the settlement of Car 
thage. 

January 1~ — Rev. Comfort Williams was in- 
stalled pastor of the Presbyterian congrega- 
tion, being the first clergyman settled in the 
village. 

Dauby & Sheldon established a weekly newspa- 
per, entitled the Rochester Gazette; — [now 
published by Edwin Scrantom, and called 
the Monroe Republica?i.] 

Matthew and Francis Brown finished a mill ca- 
nal on the west side of the river, at the head 
of the great falls, 84 rods in length, 30 feet 
wide, and 3 feet in depth, through a rock — 
which forms the mill race for their mills, the 
cotton factory, and many other establishments, 
and from which the Water falls down the bank 
ninety-six feet. 

Buffalo road was surveyed and laid out to Ba- 
tavia. 
iSIT — By an act of the Legislature, passed in April, the 
village was incorporated by the name of Ro* 



92 

i 81?. chesterville, and on the first of May the first 
village election was held, for five trustees — 
when Francis Brown, Daniel Mack, William 
Cobb, Everard Peck, and Jehial Barnard, 
were elected. Francis Brown was chosen pre- 
sident of the board, and Hastings R. Bender 
clerk. 

The first house for publick worship was built, on 
Carroll-street, — [now occupied by the second 
Presbyterian society.] 

Elisha Johnson purchased of Enos Stone, from 
the west side of his farm, 80 acres, adjoining 
ihe river, and surveyed the same into a village- 
plat — constructed a dam across the river, above 
the old fording place, and excavated a large 
mill canal from thence to the bridge, 60 or 70 
rods in length, 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep; 
opening extensive water privileges, at an ex- 
pense of $12,000. Orsbn Seymour and others, 
in the course of the year, became jointly in- 
terested with Mr. Johnson, in his purchase, 
the back land of which was yet a forest. 

The price of wheat, during the early part of this 
year, was from $1,75 to $2,25 per bushel. 
The loss sustained by the millers and mer- 
chants was very considerable. 

VV r illiam Atkinson built the yellow mill, on John- 
son's mill canal, containing three run of stones. 

This year, the steam-boat Ontario commenced 
running from Sackett's Harbour to Lewiston. 
touching at the Port of Genesee* 
iSlg, — Gilman & Sibley built a paper-mill, near Atkin* 
son's flouring-milU 



93 

1818. Strong & Albright built their mill at Carthage, 
containing four run of stenes — [now owned by 
Elisha B. Strong & Co.] 

Carthage bridge was commenced, by Strong. 
Norton & Co. 

July 7th, Everard Peck & Co. established the 
second weekly newspaper, entitled the Roches- 
ter Telegraph; — [now published semi-weekly, 
by Weed & Martin.] 

Jn September, the second census of the village 
was taken — population, 1049. 

The exports, from the Genesee river down the 
lake to the Canada market, during the season 
of navigation, were, 26,000 bbls. flour — 3,653 
bbls. pot and pearl ashes — 1,173 bbls. pork — 
I90bbls. whiskey — 214,000 double butt staves 
— together with small quantities of sundry 
other articles — valued at $380,000. 
1 8 19 — Matthew and Francis Brown rebuilt their flouring 
mill, containing four run of stones, on the site 
where the former mill was burnt down in 
March, 1816. 

Solomon Cleveland built his mill on the east 
wing of the great falls, containing two run of 
stones. 

Atwater, Andrews and Mumford, built a toll 
bridge, a few rods above Cleveland's mill. 
This was the second bridge across the Genesee 
river in the village. 

The famous bridge at Carthage, was finished this 
year. 

The Royal Arch Chapter of Free Masons was 
installed, March 23d. 
9* 



94 

I 8 1 9- The title of the village corporation was changed 
by an act of the legislature, from Rochester- 
ville to Rochester, 

September 28th, the state engineers made a sur- 
vey of a route for the canal through the village. 

The exports from the port of Genesee to Canada 
for the year, were 23,648 bbls. flour ; 8,673 
bbls. pot and pearl ashes ; 1,451 bbls. pork ; 
500,000 staves ; 50,000 feet of square timber ; 
which, together with sundry smaller articles, 
were valued at 400,000 dollars. 
i.S20 — By the United States census of August 1st, the 
village was found to contain 1502 inhabitants. 

September 21st, the Hon. Roger Skinner held a 
session of the United States District Court, 
which was the first Court of Record held in 
the village. 
The second house for publick worship in the vil- 
lage, was built by the Episcopalians — [now the 
old building standing in the rear of the Epis- 
copal church.] 
The exports from the port of Genesee to Canada 
forthe year, were 67,468 bbls. flour; 5,310bbls. 
pot and pearl ashes ; 2,643 bbls. beef and pork; 
709 bbls. whiskey ; 179,000 staves ; together 
with small quantities of corn, oil, lard, ham, 
butter, cider, &c. — valued at $375,000. The 
prices of produce had fallen greatly — the gen- 
eral price of flour, was $2,25, to $2,50 per bar- 
rel ; of wheat, 37^ cents per bushel, and corn, 
from 20 to 25 cents. 
I ^>2i — February 20th, a law passed in the state legisla- 
ture, erecting the county of Monroe. 

Morris S. Miller, Robert S. Rose, and Nathan 



95 

1 82 1 . Williams, the commissioners appointed by law. 
located the county buildings for Monroe, in the 
village of Rochester, on a lot given for the 
purpose, by Rochester, Fitzhugh, and Carroll. 

September 4tlr, the corner stone of the Court- 
House was laid. 

A Female Charity School was opened for the gra- 
tuitous instruction of poor children. 

In May, the first County Court for Monroe was 
held. 

Tn August, William Britton commenced building 
the Canal Aqueduct, with 30 convicts from the 
State Prison, at Auburn. 

November 20th, the price of wheat was 50 cents 
per bushel. 

The price of produce having fallen so low in 
Canada, and the canal having been partly fin- 
ished, to favour the shipment of it to Albany, so 
materially reduced the quantities shipped for 
the Canada market, that no subsequent account 
of the annual exports there, has been taken. 
J 822 — February 5th, 7000 bushels of wheat were taken 
in this day, at the mills in Rochester and Car- 
thage. 

October 29th, the first canal boat left the village 
for Little Falls, laden with flour. 

The third house for publick worship was built 
by the Friends, or Quakers. 

And the fourth commenced, being the Methodist 
brick chapel, on the east side of the river. 

In Sept. the 4th census of the village was taken — 
permanent population, 2700; and 3 130, includ- 
ing labourers on the publick works. 

Ilervey Ely built his mill, adjoining William At- 
kinson's, containing four run of stones. 



96 

i 823— In ten days preceding May 6th, thera were 
10,000 bbls. of flour shipped at this village on 
the Erie canal, for Albany and New-York. 

October 7th, the completion of the canal aque- 
duct across the Genesee* river, was celebrated 
by the passage of boats, escorted by the mili- 
tary companies, masonick societies, and citizens 
of the village. [A description of the aque- 
duct will be found in a subsequent page.] 

The fifth house for publick worship was built, 
being the Roman Catholick chapel. 

Rochester and Montgomery built their mill near 
E. S. Beach's, containing three run of stones. 
3 824 — The law for incorporating the Bank of Rochester, 
passed the legislature. 

The first Presbyterian society built a stone churchy 
near the court-house. 

The Episcopal society moved their old building, 
and erected a stone church on the same ground. 

The bridge, beginning to decay, was rebuilt by 
the county of Monroe, for $6,000. Samuel 
Works, commissioner ; Elisha Johnson, con- 
tractor. 
3 825 — The fifth census of the village was taken in Feb. 
j — population, 4274. 

II. N. & A. B. Curtis built their large stone build- 
ing at the east end of the bridge, containing 
two run of stones, and extensive machinery for 
manufactures. 

In October, Marshall, Spalding & Hunt establish- 
ed the Rochester Album — [now published by 
Elihu F. Marshall.] 

The sixth, census of the village was taken under 
the state census, August 1st — population, 5273. 



07 

1825. The powers granted to the village Trustees bv 
the charter of incorporation, were found to be 
inadequate to a good police regulation, and 
the question was agitated during the fall, 
whether they should apply for a city charter, 
while applying for an increase of power to the 
old corporation ; but after considerable discus- 
sion, the subject of a city charter was declined, 
and the village charter was amended by vesting 
more ample powers in the board of trustees. 
I 826 — Brown & Whitney bnilt their mill at the lower 
end of Brown's mill canal, containing two run 
of stones, and designed for four. 

The Dissenting Methodists began to build their 
meeting house, being the seventh house for 
publick worship. 

A. company of land proprietors, and other indi- 
viduals, began to build the third bridge across 
the Genesee river, at this place, in aline with 
the Pittsford state road, by subscription. 

In October, Luther Tucker & Co. established the 
Rochester Daily Advertiser. 

In December, the 7th census of the village was 
taken — population, 7669. 



>®9« 



Having thus far noticed some of the leading circum- 
stances connected with the rise and progress of the 
village of Rochester, we proceed to present a view of 
what it is at the present time ; and this, for the sake of 
order, we shall comprehend under the heads of Institi> 
tions, Population, and Statisticks, strictly so called 



98 



INSTITUTIONS. 

I.— THE POLICE. 

The government of the village is conducted, accord- 
ing to its present charter, by a board of five trustees, 
who, with a treasurer, collector, two constables, five as- 
sessors, and ten fire-wardens, are annually elected, by 
the qualified inhabitants, on the first Monday in May. 
The chief engineer of the fire department is elected by 
the fire-wardens and firemen only, on the second Mon- 
day of May, annually. A clerk of the board is appoint- 
ed by the trustees. 

The powers of the board of trustees are believed to 
comprehend every thing necessary to secure and enforce 
neatness, regularity, good order, and safety by night and 
by day, within the precincts of the corporation, and ef- 
ficiently to restrain whatever may be offensive, or det- 
rimental to decency, good morals, or religion. 

The following is a list of regulations, with the fines 
or penalties attached to them respectively, now in force 
by ordinances of the trustees, agreeably to their char- 
tered powers. 

Householders must clean and keep clear the side- 
walks and streets opposite their premises, except in 
specified cases. — Fine, for neglect, $5. 

No person may injure any walk, street, sewer, drain, 
well, or other article for publick use. — Fine, for each 
offence, $10. 

Householders must sweep and clean the side-walks, op- 
posite their dwellings, every Saturday, from the first 
day of April till the first day of November. — Fine, 
for each neglect, $1. 

No householders or others are permitted to throw any- 
offensive matter whatever into the streets or lanes.-— 
Fine, $2. 



99 

Immoderate riding or driving, in the streets, is forbid- 
den. — Fine, for each offence, $5. 

Hucksters must not occupy any place in the streets 01 
lanes of the village, for the sale of fruit, &c. without 
a license for the same. — Fine, for each offence, $3. 

No person may stop his horse or team on any cross or 
side -walk, so as to hinder or endanger any person 
passing thereon. — Fine, for each offence, $2. 

Xo auctioneer, constable, or other person, may hold any 
sale so as to collect a crowd on any side or cross- 
walk. — Fine, for each offence, $5. 

Fireplaces, of every description, to be kept in good 
repair so as 10 be safe. — Fine for neglect, $10. The 
same to be cleaned, as directed, once every three 
months. — Fine for neglect, $5. 

Xo person may keep above 12lbs. of gunpowder in an> 
house within the village, nor even that quantity, ex- 
cept in close canisters. — Fine, for every day this or- 
dinance' is transgressed, $20. 

No candle nor fire to be kept, or carried in an exposed 
manner, in liver}' stables. — Fine, for each offence, $5. 

Householders shall have a place of safe deposit for ash- 
es, and in no case suffer them to be put into wooden 
vessels. — Fine> $5. 

For constructing insecure chimneys to any house or 
manufactory — Fine, $10. 

Fire wardens, to inspect houses and yards once in each 
month. — Fine, for neglect, $2. 

Householders shall obey the directions of fire ward- 
ens, in things relating to security against fire. — Fine, 
for non-compliance, each offence, $10. 

Each house must have a scuttle in the roof, and stairs to 
the same. — Fine on the occupant, for neglect, $5. 

Fire buckets, to be kept in each house — for one or two 
fireplaces or stoves, one bucket ; for 3 or 4 fireplaces, 
or stoves, 2 buckets ; for more than four, 3 buckets. — 
Fine, for neglect in any particular of the ordinance. 



100 

Fire buckets, must be produced at fires, when they oc- 
cur. — Fine, for refusal or neglect, $2. 

The inhabitants must obey the orders of the chief en- 
gineer and fire-wardens, at fires. — Fine, for disobe- 
dience of orders, $5. 

The chief engineer and fire-wardens to give prompt and 
regular attention to their duties, in cases of fire. — 
Fine, for neglect, $10. The chief engineer to in- 
spect the engines, &c. once in three months, and re- 
port to the trustees. 

It is the duty of the president, trustees, or fire-wardens, 
to remove idle and disobedient persons from fires. — 
Fine, for disobedience to their orders, $5. Such per- 
sons may also be put into custody, till after - the ex- 
tinguishment of the fire. 

None, except the chief engineer, trustees, and fire-ward- 
ens, may give orders at fires. — Fine, $5. 

Firemen must instantly, on an alarm, repair to the en- 
gine to which they belong, and aid in moving it to 
the fire, and in working it there ; unless prevented by 
absence from the village, or sickness. — Fine, for neg- 
lect of this duty, $10. 

Hook and ladder men, subject to the same rule, in the 
proper department. — Fine, $10. 

No person may discharge fire arms, nor rockets, nor 
squibs,norany fire works, within the village. — Fine, $5. 

\ T o person may burn shavings, chips, or straw, nor kin- 
dle any large fire, in the streets, within fifty feet of 
any building. — Fine, $5. 

■Vll bell-ringers are bound to ring, on an alarm of fire. — 
Fine, $5. 

Publick bathing is not permitted in any waters within the 
village. — Fine, $2. 

Vaults to necessaries, must be of such depth and so con- 
structed, as is provided in the ordinance relating to 
them. — Fine, for neglect, $25. 

Necessaries must not be so situated as to be a nuisance 
to neighbours.— Fine, $25. They must be purified 
with lime, once in each month, during the summer 



101 

half year, as directed in the ordinance. — Fine-, foi 
neglect, $5. 

10 very house must be furnished with a sink-drain, cover- 
ed with earth. — Fine, for neglect, per week, $2. 

\o stagnant water is allowed on any lot. — Fine, to oc- 
cupant or owner, as the case may be, per day, $2. 

\o person is allowed to throw any dead animal, putrid 
meat, or fish, into any river, canal, mill-race, basin, 
or aqueduct, within the village. — Fine, $5. 

Cellars must be kept free from all stagnant water, pu- 
trid vegetable or animal matter. — Fine, for each of- 
fence, $5. 

Hogs are not permitted to run at large. — Fine, 50 cts. 
They are not to be kept so as to be offensive to 
neighbours. — Fine, per day, $2. 

\o horse, mare, or colt, permitted to run at large. — 
Fine, to the owner, $2. 

Swine, running at large, may be impounded, and the 
claimant subjected to the expenses, as per ordinance. 

Neat cattle are not permitted to run at large, after the 
first day of December, till the first day of April. — 
Fine, $1. 

No nine-pine alley to be kept. — Fine, per day, $5. 

Grocers, for selling liquors or serving customers on the 
Sabbath day, or permitting any collection of people 
or noise at their groceries — Fine, $10. 

Masters of canal boats, for suffering any horn or bugle 
to be blown within the village, on the Sabbath — 
Fine, #2. 

Theatrical representations are restrained by ordinance. 
Fines, for transgressing that ordinance — a principal 
or manager, $25 — any actor, for each offence, $5 — 
owner of premises where they so trespass, each of- 
fence, $5. 

Circus riders prohibited in like manner. — Fine, to prin- 
cipal, $25 — each rider, $10. 

Shows of all kinds prohibited, unless special license be 
obtained. — Fine, $10. Owners of premises where 
this ordinance is violated. — Fine, $5. 
10 



102 

No cellar doors may project more than four feet from 
the front line of the building. — Fine, $10 — and for 
every day the same remains, contrary to this ordi- 
nance, $1. 

Cellars used for groceries, and such purposes, must have 
an iron railing on each side of the entrance, extend- 
ing four feet from the line of the building ; all others 
must be covered with a door. — Fine, for every day 
the ordinance is transgressed, in each case, $1. 

No outside stairs to upper stories, or projecting plat- 
forms, are permitted. — Fine, for erecting such, $5 — 
and for continuing the same, per day, $1. 

No lamp or other posts may be erected, except at the 
edge of the side-walk, or by special liberty from the 
trustees. — Fine, $2 — and for each day the transgress- 
ion is continued, $1. Posts, in all cases, must be not 
less than nine feet high, from the surface of the side- 
walk, to the bottom of any lamp, sign, &c. placed 
thereon. — Fine, per day, $1. 

All licensed grocers must have a sign to that effect near 
their door. — Fine, per day, $1. 

Common criers must have a license, and not use horns 
or trumpets, but only a hand-bell. — Fine, for each 
offence, $1. 

Owners of inhabited lots, residing in the village, and 
occupants, when the owners are not residents, are 
responsible for not having proper necessaries, to pre- 
vent nuisances — and in case of nuisance, are fineable 
per day, $5. 

All who slaughter cattle are, in like manner, in case of 
nuisance to those residing in the neighbourhood, liable 
to a fine, per day, while it continues, of $5. 

Wagons, containing articles for sale, must not be placed 
across any street,nor so near the side-walks as to pre- 
vent others passing ; nor may any stop in the square 
formed by the intersection of Carroll and Exchange- 
streets with Buffalo-street ; and if loaded with hay, 
they must stand west of the court-house yard in Buffa- 
lo-street, and east of River-street, in Main-street.— 



103 

Vine, for each transgression of either of these ordi- 
nances, $1. 

The keeping of billiard-tables for gaming is prohibited. 
— Fine, $5. Tavern-keepers and grocers, keeping 
billiard-tables — Fine, per day, $5. 



The following are the present officers of the corporation : 

Trustees.— -First Ward, William Brewster. 
Second Ward, Matthew Brown, Jr. 
Third Ward, Vincent Mathews. 
Fourth Ward, Elisha Ely. 
Fifth Ward, Giles Boulton. 

Assessors. — First Ward, Preston Smith. 

Second Wa?'d, Ezra M. Parsons. 
Third Ward, Ira West. 
Fourth Ward, Daniel Tinker. 
Fifth Ward, Davis C. West. 

Matthew Brown, Jr. Pres. of the Board of Trustees, 

Rufus Beach, Clerk and Attorney. 

Frederick F. Backus, Treasurer. 

Raphael Beach, Collector and Constable. 

Stephen Symonds, Constable. 

M. Willson, Weigher of Hay. 

Regular meetings of the Corporation, every Tuesday, 
at 3 o'clock, P. M. at the office of the clerk, in the Court- 
House . 



Fire Department, 
Samuel Works, Chief Engineer. 

FIRE WARDENS. 

First Ward — S. Melancton Smith, John Marchant. 
Second Ward — Benjamin H. Brown, Timothy Bun 
Third Ward— Edwin Stanley, Walter White. 
Fourth Ward — A. B. Curtiss, John Histed. 
Fifth Ward — Samuel Smith, Aaron Newton. 



104 



Engine Company, No. i . 
Daniel D. Hatch, Foreman. 
John Swift, Assistant. 
William Haywood, Secretary. 

Engine Company, No. 2. 
Davis C. West, Foreman. 
Stephen Charles, Assistant. 
Giles Boulton, Secretary. 

Hook and Ladder Company. 
Isaiah Tower, Jr. Foreman. 
Phelps Smith, Assistant. 
C, A. Van Slyck, Secretary. 
Stated meetings of the several fire companies, on the 
first Monday in each month. 

——»*©©©««— 

II.— RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 



Title, or 
Denomination. 

First Presbyterian, 

Episcopal, 

Friends, or Quakers, 

Baptist, 

Roman Catholick, 

Methodist Episcopal. 

Methodist Society, 

Christ-ian, 

Second Presbyterian, 

Third Presbyterian, 



5 S 



1315. 
1817. 
1817. 
1818. 
1820. 
1820, 
1822, 
1823 
1826 
1327, 



Place of worship. Present Clergymen. 



Court-square. 
Fitzhugh-strect. 
Hughes-street. 
Court-House. 
Platt-street. 
River-street. 
i Hart-street. 
I Frankfort-square. 
| Carroll-street. 
I Clinton-street. 



Rev. Joseph Penney. 
Rev. F. H. Cuming. 

Rev. O. C. Comstocfc 

(Vacant.) 
Elder John Dempster 
Elder Orren Miller. 
Elder S. Silsby. 
Rev. William James. 
I Rev. George Parker 



III.— BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
The Female Charitable Society, 
Was organized 26th February, 1822. — The following 
is an extract from the Constitution : 

"Art. 1. The primary objects of this society shall be, 
tlje relief of indigent persons and families, in cases of 



105 

sickness and distress, and the establishment of a Chari- 
ty School. 

"Art. 3. It shall be the duty of the directors,to direct 
the application of all the means of the society — to solicit 
contributions in money, goods, provisions, clothing, bed- 
ding, &c. and to obtain subscribers. 

"Art. 5. All articles of clothing, bedding, &c. be- 
longing to the society shall be loaned, (not given,) and 
it shall be the duty of the committee to see that they 
are returned." 

This society has been in successful operation for five 
years, during most of which period, a school has been 
kept, in which forty children are educated gratuitously. 
The school, which is now flourishing, is under the charge 
of Mrs. Saddler, whose fidelity has met the unqualified 
approbation of the society. 

In many cases, relief and assistance have been afford- 
ed to sick and distressed families, by the loan of clothing, 
bedding, &c. of which the society have always a supply 
on hand. The funds are raised from the annual sub- 
scription of the members, and an annual collection taken 
up when a sermon is preached for the benefit of this 
charity. The present number of members is 143. 

The society has a school-house, erected on a lot which 
was given by William Fitzhugh, situated on Franklin- 
street. 

Officers elected, February 6, 1827: — 

Mrs. J. K. Livingston, President, 
Mrs. Mary Scovill, V. President. 
Mrs. Samson, 1 f Mrs. Bissell, 

Mrs. Burr, Mrs. A. Allcott, 

Mrs. Plumb, ■► Directors. < Mrs. Cuming, 
Mrs. Colman, Mrs. Beach, 

Mrs. Parker, J [ 

Mrs. Whittlesey, Treasurer. 
10* 



106 

Miss Evving and Miss Stone, Superintendents of the 
School. 

Annual meeting first Tuesday in February. 



Monroe County Bible Society, 
Auxiliary to the American Bible Society, was formed 
May 30, 1821. The sole object of this institution is the 
circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or com- 
ment. Surplus funds paid to the parent society. 

Life membership, $10 — annual membership, $1. 

The society has purchased, of the American Bible 

Society, 1470 Bibles, and 1205 Testaments, and have 

received, as donations — in 1821, 100 Bibles and 100 

Testaments — in 1825, 150 Bibles and 250 Testaments : 

On-all, 1720 Bibles, and 1555 Testaments. 

In addition to paying for the Bibles purchased, they 
have refunded the amount of the donation in 1825, and 
have remitted fifty dollars, as surplus funds, to the pa- 
rent society. 

Officers of the society : — 

Vincent Mathews, President. 

Wm. Atkinson, \ ir . „ . , . 
F. F. Backus, '} Vtce President*. 

Enos Pomeroy, Corresponding Secretary. 

William Pitkin, Recording Secretary. 

Levi Ward, Jr. Treasurer. 
Treasurer's office, and depository of Bibles and Tes- 
taments, in the counting-room of Wm. H. Ward & Co. 
Carroll-street. Annual meeting, first Tuesday in June. 



Monroe County Missionary Society, 
Was formed July 11, 1826. — Extracts from the Con- 
stitution :— 



10?' 

•'Art. 1. This society shall be known by the name 
of the Home Missionary Society of Monroe County, 
auxiliary to the American Home Missionary Society. 

(i Art. 4. The funds of this society, after paying in- 
cidental expenses, shall be paid over to the treasurer of 
the parent institution, with directions as to the section of 
country in which it shall be expended in missionary la- 
bours, should the board deem it expedient to give such 
directions. 

Ci Art. 6. The society shall meet as often as called by 
the directors, and annually, on the second Monday in 
April, when the officers shall be chosen, and a report of 
the directors received, and when the constitution may 
be amended, by a vote of two thirds of the members 
present." 

Officers elected July, 1826 : — 

Ira West, of Rochester, President. 

Rev. J. Penney, do. 1st V. Pres't. 

Charles Church, of Ogden, 2d V. PresH. 

Charles J. Hill, of Rochester, Treasurer. 

Everard Peck, do. Secretary. 

The society has several missionaries, in different parts 

of the country, towards whose support, from fifty to one 

hundred dollars a year are contributed by the society. 



Female Missionary Society, 
Auxiliary to the American Home Missionary Society, 
was organized in January, 1818. Its object is to assist 
in supporting the preaching of the gospel in feeble and 
destitute churches in the new settlements. Officers for 

1827— 

Mrs. Patty Beach, President, 
Mrs. Margaret Penney, Secretary. 
Mrs. Henrietta Bissell, Treasurer. 
Vnnual meeting, on the first Tuesday in January. 



108 



Female Benevolent and Auxiliary Missionary So- 
ciety of St. Luke's Church, Rochester. 
Organized February 23, 1827- — The object of the so- 
ciety is, to raise funds in aid of plans and societies form- 
ed for the purpose of promoting the interests of religion, 
as connected with the Protestant Episcopal Church ; 
special reference being had to the claims of the "Gene- 
ral Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church," and 
the " Monroe County Episcopal Association for dissemi- 
nating religious knowledge." 

The society consists at present of 120 members. 
Officers for 1827: 
Mrs. Elisha Johnson, President. 
Mrs. H. Montgomery, Vice President. 
Mrs. W. Pitkin, Secretary. 
Mrs. T. H. Rochester, Treasurer. 



Monroe County Episcopal Association. 
Organized Feb. 1827. 
The objects of the society are, the supply of vacant 
places within the county with the services of the Epis- 
copal church — assisting in the establishment and sup- 
port of new congregations, and the formation of Sun- 
day schools. 

[The officers had not been chosen, when these pages 
were put to press.] 



Monroe County Tract Society. 

This institution was organized in 1823. Its operations 

were considerably extensive in distributing tracts in this 

region of country. In October, 1 826, they were called 

upon by an agent of the American Tract Society, with 



109 

such propositions as induced them to merge this society 
in the Rochester Tract Society, auxiliary to the Ame- 
rican Tract Society. The following is extracted from 
the first article of the constitution : " The object of this 
society is to aid the American Tract Society, instituted 
at New- York in 1825, in extending its operations in des- 
titute parts of the United States." One hundred dollars 
was subscribed and forwarded to the parent Society in 
New- York, to furnish the depository. The following 
are the officers of the society for the present year : 

Josiah Bissell, Jr. President. 

William Atkinson, } 

John Watts, > Vice-Presidents. 

Willis Kempshall, ) 

Everard Peck, Secretary. 

Levi A. Ward, Treasurer. 
Treasurer's office, and Depository of Tracts, in Win. 
TT. Ward & Co's counting-room, Carroll-street. 



Sunday Schools. 

Most if not all of the religious societies in the village 
support one or more sabbath schools, and these are ge- 
nerally connected with a county sabbath school union. 
A general depository of suitable books is kept for sale 
at the counting-room of C. Dunning & Co. in Carroll- 
street. An interesting anniversary meeting is held in 
Rochester in the month of October in each year. 

IV.— LITERARY AND OTHER INSTITU- 
TIONS. 

The extreme occupation and multiplicity of urgent 
publick objects, has hitherto prevented the citizens of 



110 

Rochester from making those efforts in the cause of lit- 
erature and education, which their importance demands. 
There is as yet no publick library of general literature, 
nor publick seminary of education. Measures are in 
operation, however, for prosecuting both of these objects, 
which it is hoped the present year will see in a good 
state of advancement. The private and district schools 
in the village, are about 20 in number, in which 1150 
children and youth are instructed in all the branches of 
a common and classical education. 



Franklin Institute. 

This institution was organized October 13, 1826. The 
general purposes of it may be ascertained by the follow- 
ing extract from the constitution of the society. 

" The objects which the Franklin Institute shall have 
especially in view, shall be the establishment of a library 
for the use of the members, consisting of books on the 
arts, sciences and manufactures ; a museum of models of 
machines ; a cabinet of mineralogy, geology, and chy- 
mical substances, scientifically arranged ; lectures and 
apparatus for illustrating the sciences connected with 
the mechanical arts, and mutual instruction in element- 
ary sciences, as far as practicable." 

This institution is formed upon similar principles with 
several others now in successful operation in our own 
country, and in G. Britian ; originating in the belief that 
"the condition and prospects of our village, mark it out 
as especially demanding of its citizens their zealous ef- 
forts in establishing and maintaining institutions to im- 
prove the arts by the aid of science, and to adorn and 
benefit that part of community employed in productive 
industry, with the advantages and pleasures of mental 
cultivation. 5 ' 



Ill 

Iii pursuance of these objects, the society, consisting 
of about seventy members, have already obtained a 
small cabinet of minerals, a library, and several models 
of machines ; and have commenced a system of cultiva- 
ting knowledge in the arts and sciences by lectures, ex- 
periments, and such examinations and inquiries as the 
means of the Institute admit. 

The affairs of the Institute are conducted by a com- 
mittee of seven, who are chosen annually. The present 
committee are, Rev. Joseph Penney, Rev. F. H. Cum- 
ing, Levi Ward, Jr. Elisha Johnson, Jacob Graves, 
Giles Boulton, and Edwin Stanley. 

The society occupy No. 6, in Johnson's building, cor- 
ner of Main and Canal streets, which is open to subscri- 
bers every day in the week, (Sundays excepted,) from 
9 A. M. to 12 M. ; and from 2 to 9 P.M. Stated 
meetings — Friday evenings of each week. 

Terms of admission to membership, $5, subject to 
an annual tax of $2. 



Masonick. 
Wells Lodge, No. 282, of Master Masons, was in- 
stalled in 18 17. Its present officers are — 

Robert Martin, W. M. I Charles C. Lathrop, J. W. 
Phelps Smith, S. W. | Ebenezer Watts, Treas. 
Bill Colby, Sec'ry. 
Regular communications, Tuesday of or preceding 
full moon in every month. 

Hamilton R. A. Chapter, was installed March, 1819- 

Officers for 1827— 
Jacob Gould, H. P. I Ebenezer Watts, S. 

Robert Martin, K. S. P. Allcott, Treas. 

Bill Colby, Sec'ry. 



112 

Regular convocations, Wednesday of or preceding 
full moon in each month. 

A Knights Templar'' s encampment was installed Au- 
gust, 1826, and was admitted into the general grand en- 
campment, September, 1826. 



Rev. F.H.Cuming, G. C. 
Jonathan Child, G. 
Abelard Reynolds, C. G. 
Jacob Gould, P. 



Simeon P. Allcott, 8. W. 
Ebenezer Watts, J. W. 
Edward Doyle, Treas. 
H. C. Williams, Rec. 



Regular meetings, Monday of or preceding new 
moon in each month. 



Newspapers, &c. 

There are at present published in the village, four 
political and miscellaneous newspapers, one religious 
newspaper, and a Christ-ian monthly magazine, viz: 

The Monroe Republican, weekly, established 1816. 

The Rochester Telegraph, semi-weekly, •• 1818. 

The Album, weekly, •• 1825. 

Rochester Daily Advertiser, daily, •* 1826. 

Rochester Observer, semi-monthly, •• 1827. 

Gospel Luminary, monthly, •• 1824. 

The Rochester Telegraph is also published weekly, 
for the country. 

The Rochester Mercury is also issued from the office 
of the Daily Advertiser, once a week, for the country. 

There are received at the post-office, about 26 daily, 
284 semi-weekly, and 690 weekly newspapers. 



Post-Office. 
The post-office was established in this village in the 
year 1812. The receipts of the first quarter amounted to 
$3 42. The receipts for the last quarter of ] 826, were, 
$1718 44. 



$1718 44. 



113 

The arrival and departure of the mails, are at present 
as follows, viz : 

The Eastern and Western Mails — arrive and depart 
every day. 

To and from Palmyra — seven mails a week in sum- 
mer, and three in winter. 

To and from Penfield — six mails a week. 

To and from Scottsville — seven mails a week in sum- 
mer, and three in winter. 

To and from Oswego — one mail a week. 

To and from Batavia — three mails a week. 

To and from Geneseo, fyc. — three mails a week. 

Abelard Reynolds, Post-Master. 
Office in Bnffalo-street, near Carroll-street. 



Bank op Rochester. 

Incorporated in 1824. Capital 250,000 dollars. 

Elisha B. Strong, President. 
A. M. Schermerhorn, Cashier. 

ssvas* | ff r rs BushDeii - 

MatthewBrown,Jr. i™ wes {; ... „ 

Jonathan Child, V Directors. 1 A y t Leavitt 
James Seymour Willi'am'pitkin, ' 

cK.^Eff'i lwm.W.MumfW 

John T. Talman, Teller and Notary. 

Henry Roser, Discount Clerk. 

Levi Burnell, Book-Keeper. 

Days of discount, Tuesdays and Fridays, at 1 1 o'clock 
Hours of business, from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M. 
11 



114 



POPULATION. 

The following tabular view will show the increase of 
population, from the year 1815, when the first census 
was taken, to December, 1826 : 





Year. 


Population 


First census, 


December, 1815, 


331 


Second, - 


Sept. 1818, 


1,049 


Third, (U.S.) 


August, 1820, 


1,502 


Fourth, - 


Sept. 1822, 


2,700 


Fifth, 


February, 1825, 


4,274 


Sixth, (State,) 


August, 1825, 


5,273 


Seventh, - 


December, 1826, 


7,669 



The population is composed chiefly of emigrants from 
New-England, and the other states of the Union, toge- 
ther with a considerable number from England, Ireland, 
Scotland, and Germany, and a few natives of Canada. 
Norway, and Switzerland. 

It is a remarkable fact, that, in a population of near- 
ly 8,000, not one adult person is a native of the village ! 
The oldest person now living in the village, who was 
born here, is not yet seventeen years of age ! 

These inhabitants, almost without exception, are em- 
ployed either in professional or productive industry. 
The following may be considered as nearly a correct 
statement of the 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS. 



7 Clergymen, 
25 Physicians, 
28 Lawyers, 
74 Merchants, 
89 Clerks, 
84 Grocers, 
33 Butchers, 
48 Tailors, 



124 Shoemakers, 
20 Hatters, 
73 Coopers, 
23 Clothiers, 

20 Millers, 

21 Millwrights, 
304 Carpenters & 

Joiners, 



l7Coachmakers ? 
67 Blacksmiths, 
14 Gunsmiths, 
10 Chairmakers, 
95 Masons, 

25 Cabinet-mkrs, 
5 CombmakerS; 

26 Painters, 



24Wheelwrights, 
21 Saddlers, 
8 Tallow-chan- 
dlers, 



115 

23 Tinners, 
29 Tanners, 
14 Bakers, 
423 Labourers, 



16 Inn-keepers, 
16 Goldsmiths, 
8 Bookbinders, 
31 Printers. 



SVATISTICXS. 

I.— TRADE AND COMMERCE. 

The superfluous productions of the extensive and fer- 
tile valley of the Genesee river, together with that of 
the surrounding country east and west, naturally con- 
centrate at Rochester, and are exported from thence. 
While these exports passed through the port of Gene- 
see to the Canada maket, the amount was more accurately 
known, than since the opening of the canal; the amount 
of tonnage being now more the object of reckoning at 
the several places of entry, than a specifick account of 
the particular kinds. 

From the best data at hand, we have collected the 
following acceunt of the exports by the canal, in the 
3'ears 1823 and 1826. A few of the leading articles 
only are here presented. 

Articles. 1823. 1826. 

Flour, barrels, 64,114 202,000 

Wheat, bushels, 20,590 

Pork, barrels, 1,250 7,000 

Beef, do. 528 750 

Pot and pearl ashes, do. 9,500 

Whiskey, gallons, 52,903 135,000 

As imports, might be enumerated almost every article 
within the limits of merchandise — the demand of the 
surrounding country both for the necessary and the lux- 
urious being already very large, and yearly increasing, 
as the soil becomes subdued, and the consumer's means 
more extensive. A very considerable wholesale trade 



116 

begins to open both with the remote parts of our own 
country, and the Canada shore. 

The retail trade of the place, will principally appear 
from the following list : 



[2 Merchant stores, 


4 Hat 


stores 


5 Hardware do. 


5 Goldsmith 


do. 


5 Druggist do. 


7 Millinery 


do. 


3 Book & stationary do. 


1 Looking-glass 


do. 


4 Boot & shoe do. 


4 Clothing 


do. 


1 Military goods store. 





Lumber. 
The trade in lumber is very considerable. Great 
quantities of pine boards are annually brought here from 
the country bordering on Genesee river, which are prin- 
cipally used in the village and neighbourhood. Some 
of the pine lumber, however, is sent to the Albany and 
New-York markets. There have also been large quan- 
tities of square timber and oak plank, for ship-building, 
sent by way of the canal to New- York. It has been 
in demand, and commanded a good price ; but so great 
are the expenses of transportation and canal tolls, thai 
it has of late proved an unprofitable business. The 
quality of the white oak timber is said to be inferiour to 
none of the kind in the United States. 



Freight Boats, 
The following list exhibits the number of boats and 
horses belonging to the several regular lines of freight 
boats, the owners or principal agents of which reside in 
the village. Besides those enumerated, there are a num- 
ber of boats owned here, that ply regularly on the canal, 
which are not attached to any line of forwarders, 



117 



Line. 


Boats. 


Horse? 


Pilot, 


34 


181 


Washington, 


32 


170 


Merchants', 


30 


172 


Troy and Erie, 


23 


16] 


Hudson and Erie, 


21 


115 


Union, 


20 


83 



160 882 

The boats generally run from Troy and Albany to 
Buffalo, two of each line leaving this place every day. 
Sundays excepted. Although they are designed princi- 
pally for the transportation of freight, most of them 
have comfortable accommodations for passengers — 
which they are enabled to carry at a less rate of fare 
than boats which are employed only as packets, owing 
partly to the difference in transit duties charged by the 
canal commissioners on freight and packet boats. 

The usual rates of transportation of flour, from this 
place to the Hudson river, in the spring and fall, is one 
dollar per barrel, and during summer, 87£ cents. 

Merchandise, from Troy and Albany, is charged 
about 68 cents per cwt. 

Passengers are charged one and a half cents a mile, 
exclusive of board, which is an extra charge of about 
fifty cents a day. 

The boats generally run night and day, and about 
sixty miles in twenty hours. 

II.— MANUFACTURES. 
Flouring Mills, 
There are at present, seven merchant mills for manu- 
facturing flour, within the precincts of this village, or its 
11* 



118 

immediate vicinity ; having in all, 24 run of stones. 
Arrangements are also made for erecting two others, 
with twelve run of stones, during the ensuing summer. 

The following are the returns of flour made at the 
existing mills, for the year 1826. 



Beach's 


mill, 


24,530 1 


>arre 


Brown's 


do. 


20,000 


do. 


Atkinson's 


do. 


20,500 


do. 


Rochester's 


do. 


20,000 


do. 


Cleveland's 


do. 


15,750 


do. 


Strong's 


do. 


17,000 


do. 


Ely's 


do. 


32,389 


do. 



Total, 150,169 barrels. 

The perfection of the machinery, and the arrange- 
ments in these establishments, will be in some measure 
conceived, when the fact is stated, that in the last of 
these,during a considerable portion of the fall, the wheat 
was taken in, and flour manufactured to the amount of 
250 barrels per day. 

Besides the above, there are three mills with seven 
run of stones, for custom work. 



Cotton Manufactory. 
There is at present but one establishment of this de- 
scription in the village — conducted by S. S. Allcott. 
It has 1400 spindles, and 30 power looms. It employs 
about 80 youth and children, who are liberally afford- 
ed the advantages of a school five evenings in the 
week, supported at the expense of the employers. 



Woollen Manufacture. 
There is but one establishment where all parts of the 
pfocess -are carried on, and three others, where cloth- 



119 

dressing, dyeing, and wool-carding are conducted. This 
trade must be regarded as opening an inviting field, in a 
region whence wool is exported, and into which manu- 
factured cloth is so largely imported — where sheep may 
be raised so extensively, and where such water power 
exists. 





Miscellaneous Manufa 


CTORTES. 


Besides the manufactories already mentioned, there are. 


3 


Furnaces for melting and 


casting iron, 


2 


Trip hammers by water power, 


2 


Breweries, 




2 


Distilleries, 




3 


Tanneries, 




1 


Oil-mill, 




9 


Saw-mills, 




1 


Nail manufactory, 




2 


Stone and earthen ware manufactories, 


3 


Scythe, axe and edge tool 


do. 


5 


Tin and sheet iron 


do. 


3 


Soap and candle 


do. 


2 


Morocco 


do. 


1 


Comb-maker's shop, 




1 


Machine maker's do. 




3 


Coppersmiths' shops, 




3 


Gunsmiths' do. 




2 


Plough-makers' do. 




2 Iron turners' do. 




4 


Chair-makers' do. 




5 


Cabinet-makers' do. 




4 


Hatters' do. 




1 


Paper mill, 




3 


Book binderies, 




6 


Printing offices, 





120 

.1 Looking-glass manufactory, 

4 Saddlers' shops, 

14 Coopers' do. 

17 Blacksmiths' do. 

1 Window sash manufactory, by water power. 

1 Shoe last do. do. 

1 Barrel do. do. 

1 Pail and tub do. do. 

This has produced 25,000 pails the last season. 

The four last mentioned manufactories are beautifu) 
specimens of the inginuity and mechanical talents of our 
countrymen, and promise to be lucrative, while they are 
creditable to the inventors. 



III.— PUBLICK WORKS. 

Of these, the first in importance and interest is un- 
doubtedly the 

Erie Canal. 

Its passage over the Genesee river is thus described 
by the civil engineer who superintended its construction. 
" This stupendous fabrick, which forms a prominent link 
in the great chain of inland communication's built on one 
of the rifts which compose a part of the extensive falls 
of the Genesee river, about eighty rods south of the great 
falls. It is situated nearly in the centre of the thriving 
village of Rochester, parallel to the great leading western 
road, and crosses the Genesee river, about eighty yards 
south of it. The approach of the Erie Canal to the Gen- 
esee river, from the east, is for a considerable distance 
confined to a steep, bold bank; at the foot of which for- 
merly ran a raceway. This artificial water course, on 
the immediate bank of the river, was compelled to give 
place to the Erie Canal, and has been placed outside of 



121 

it, till at the instant of its crossing, it is passed under it in 
an arch of twenty-six feet chord. The natural and artifi- 
cial scenery, here presented, is grand and peculiarly in- 
teresting. The river, with its rapids, is surmounted by 
the race, above mentioned ; which in its turn is surmoun- 
ted by the Erie Canal, which is again overtopped by 
the table land in the vicinity, on the extreme edge of 
which is an important street of the village of East Ro- 
chester. 

The Aqueduct, from the eastern extremity of its par- 
apet walls to its western termination, is 804 feet long, 
and is built on eleven arches ; one above named of twen- 
ty-six fe»t chord, under which passes the water necessary 
for a number of important flouring-mills,&c. nine of fifty 
feet chord, and one on the west side of the river, of thir- 
ty feet chord, under which passes water for a number of 
flouring-mills,and other hydraulick establisments inWest 
Rochester. The structure is founded on solid rock, in 
which excavations were made to found the piers, which 
are 36 feet long, and 10 feet wide, including at each 
end a pedestal and dome, out of which rises a pilaster. 
The height of the piers is about 4| feet ; the rise of 
the arch, 11 feet ; its thickness at the foot, 3 feet ; at the 
apex, 2| feet. The parapet walls or sides of the trunk, 
are five and a half feet high, including the coping, which 
is so constructed as to form a capital to the whole trunk. 
The whole of this immense building is of cut stone; ma- 
ny of them, particularly in the piers, of very great size. 
These are trenailed to the rock by large iron bolts, and 
so cramped and cemented, as nearly to form a mass 
which possesses the consistency and firmness of a single 
unbroken rock. 

The stone of which the walls are composed, is red sand 
stone, intimately blended with a small portion of iron. 
The pilasters and coping are of gray silicious limestone. 



122 

On the north wall, which is of sufficient thickness for 
the towing path, is an iron railing ; and at the west end, 
the whole is terminated by a highway and towing path 
bridge, of the most solid and elegant workmanship. 

The work was commenced by Alfred Hovey, the 
contractor, on the 17th of July, 1822, and completed 
on the 11th of September, 1823, and cost $83,000." 



Canal Basins. 
The canal basins, in the village and vicinity, (begin- 
ning at the east,) are — 

1st. Gilbert's Basin — junction of feeder and canal, 

2d. Johnson's do. — west side of River-st. 

3d. Child's do. — west end of the aqueduct. 

4th. Fitzhugh's do. — between Washington and 

5th. Fisher's do. — Buffalo-st. [Sophia-st. 

6th. Washington do. — Allen-street. 

7th. Warehouse do. — Court-street. 

8th. Ely's Slip, — Sophia-street. 

There are also two dry docks, for repairing and win- 
tering boats, owned by Oliver Culver, and an in- 
genious set of machinery at Fisher's basin, for raising 
canal boats out of the water to repair. 



Dams and Mill Courses. 

Next in importance to the canal, are the dams and 
mill courses, that have been constructed at a great ex- 
pense, and afford a very great number of mill sites. 

These are — 1st. The dam above the rapids, having a 
mill race passing off to either side of the river; at present 
supplying nine water power establishments on the west 
and ten on the east side — 2d, Brown's dam and mill 



123 

Course, of 80 rods, below the great falls, which already 
supplies ten establishments — and, 3d. Cleveland's course, 
on the brink of the falls, on the east side, supplying two 
mills. 

Below the falls, another dam is about to be construct- 
ed, and at Carthage there are already two mill courses, 
each supplying two establishments, and affording the 
means for a very great number more. 



Bridges. 
There are now three bridges over the river, within 
the limits of the village. 

First, built in 1810-12, re-built in 1824. 
Second, •• 1819 — by a private company. 
Third, •• 1826 — by individuals. 

Connected with the first or middle bridge, is a mar- 
ket, now building, in the manner of a bridge, over the 
water of the river. 

IV.— PUBLICK BUILDINGS. 

The Court-House 
Was erected in 1822, on a lot given by Rochester, Car- 
roll and Fitzhugh, for the county buildings, extending 
166 feet on Buffalo-st. and 264 feet on Fitzhugh-st. The 
natural declivity of the ground is reduced to two plat- 
forms ; the first on the level of Buffalo-street, forming a 
neat yard in front of the building, which recedes 75 feet 
from the line of the street ; the other raised about 6 feet 
above the former, and divided from it by the building 
itself and two wing walls of uniform appearance, pre- 
senting, towards Buffalo-street, the aspect of an elevated 



124 

terrace, but on a level with the streets immediately ad- 
joining. 

This last, together with the yard of the first Presby- 
terian church, now comprehended within the same en- 
closure, forms a small square, laid out in grass plats and 
gravel walks, and needs only the further attention of 
the citizens in planting it with shade trees and shrub- 
bery, to render it a very pleasant and valuable accom- 
modation as a publick walk. This is now known by 
the name of Court-square. 

The court-house building is 54 feet long, 44 wide, and 
40 high. It presents two fronts, the one facing Court- 
square, showing two stories and a base — the other to- 
wards Buffalo-street, two stories and a full basement. 

Each front is finished with a projecting portico, 30 feet 
long and 10 wide, supported by four fluted Ionick co- 
lumns, surmounted by a regular entablature and balus- 
trade, which returns and continues along the whole front. 

From the centre of the building arises an octagonal 
belfry, covered by a cupola. 

The basement affords convenient offices for county 
and village purposes. 

The court room is in the second story, extending the 
entire length and breadth of the building, and is a re- 
markably well lighted and airy apartment. 



The County Gaol 
Is situated in the rear of a handsome and commodious 
brick house occupied by the gaoler's family, on the west 
side of Hughes-street, and enclosed with a high and for- 
midable wall of stone. 

Within are two tier of cells, divided by a hall through 
the centre, enclosed in a very strong and secure manner. 



125 

First Presbyterian Church. 

This building is situated on the south side of Court 
square, and fronts the court-house. It is eighty-six feet 
long, sixty-four wide, and thirty feet high above the base. 
It is built of stone, covered with a durable cement, in 
imitation of whitish free stone ; but the water-table r 
window and door sills, caps and starts, together with all 
the projectures of the masonry, are of a red hewn sand 
stone. The platform and steps extending along the 
front are of the white Sweden stone. 

The front of this building is a design by O'DonelL 
in the Gothick style. Twenty feet of the centre is oc- 
cupied by a square tower, projecting three feet from the 
face of the building, and both the tower and remaining 
part of the front, as well as all the angles of the building, 
are ornamented with pilasters, of full and handsome 
projections, supporting a bold entablature and cornice, 
both in the range of the eaves and over the several sec- 
tions of the tower. 

The angles of the tower are so constructed as to give 
each the appearance of a prism, or cluster of four pilas- 
ters, touching each other at their interiour angles, the 
faces of two and the edges of two being visible, reduced 
as they ascend, from section to section, till they emerge 
as pinnacles at the top, still retaining their features as 
composed of four pilasters. The spaces between these 
pinnacles are finished with an embattled balustrade. 

From tke tower arises an octagonal spire, 79 feet 
high, divided into sections by bold astragal bands, show- 
ing the several faces conspicuously pannelled. The 
whole height of the steeple is 150 feet. 

The interiour of the building combines great conven- 
ience with go«d proportions, and a light airy appearance 
rather than laboured ornament. 
12 



126 

The vestibule is entered by three doors, one in the 
tower, and one in each wing. The stair-case is oppo- 
site the centre door, and under it is a furnace, from which 
heated air issues into each pew in the body of the church. 

The pulpit, which is low, is situated between the two 
inner entrance doors, and occupies, together with its 
stairs, a slightly recessed arch of 20 feet wide and 33 
feet high. From the pulpit, the floor has a gentle ascent to 
the opposite extremity, and the pews are arranged as the 
chords of a circle, so that all directly face the pulpit. 
The galleries are much inclined, and supported by Ion- 
ick columns. 

The steeple is furnished with an excellent bell, of 
1800 lbs. and an organ of 14 stops has been lately 
erected in the gallery. The whole expense of this 
building, and the lot on which it stands, including the 
cost of the bell, amounted to about $16,000. 



Episcopal Church. 
This building, known by the name of St. Luke'* 
Church, is 72 feet in length and 53 feet in width, con- 
structed of stone. It is erected on a lot which was ap- 
propriated for the purpose by Rochester, Fitzhugh and 
Carroll, and is situated on the west side of Fitzhugh-st. 
a few rods south of Buffalo-st. and opposite Court-square. 
The style of the building is Gothick, which has been ri- 
gidly observed in every particular. There is not an 
ornament about it which is not in accordance with this 
kind of architecture. The main part of the front is of 
hewn gray stone, from Auburn. The two corners of the 
tower and the two corners of the body of the house are 
of red freestone, as are also the water table, the caps, 
sills and jambs of the windows and doors. The two 
windows in the tower are strikingly beautiful, containing 



12? 

ii pro]>er number of spandrels unci branching mullions, 
and ornamented with rich and delicate tracery. Around 
the arch of the first of these, handsomely cut in the 
stone cap, is the name of the church, with the year of 
its erection. The tower is 16 feet square, projecting 
five feet beyond the body of the church, and rising to 
the height of 90 feet. This is finished at the top with 
eight pinnacles, connected by a castellated or embattled 
balustrade. A similar balustrade runs around the roof 
of the whole house, having similar pinnacles at each 
corner. The wood work on the outside of the house 
has been made strongly to resemble the red fcee stone, 
by a process termed smalting. 

In the arrangement of the interiour, will be seen con- 
venience, elegance, and a strict economy of room. The 
pulpit and desk consist of a number of delicate Gothick 
arches, behind which is a drapery of dark blue velvet. 
The chancel is in the form of an oval, placed in front of 
the desk, and containing a communion table of Italian 
marble, and a baptismal font of the purest alabaster, rest- 
ing on a pedestal of agate marble. The gallery is sup- 
ported by large cluster columns, painted in imitation oi 
light blue variegated marble. The ceiling is finished with 
intersecting vaulted or groined arches, ornamented with 
stucco work. In the church is placed a large and re- 
markably fine-toned organ. 

The corner stone of the building was laid on the lltli 
of May, 1824, and the house opened for publick wor- 
ship September 4, 1825. 



The Methodist Episcopal Chapel 
Is a neat brick building, 42 by 55 feet, with tall Go- 
thick windows, a balcony and dome, situated on River- 
street, in the eastern division of the village. It is sur- 



128 

mounted by an octagon cupola, covered with tin plate ; 
and from the elevated ground on which it is erected, 
it makes a handsome appearance. 



The Methodist Society 
Are now erecting a frame building on Hart-street, of 
respectable size, to be called " Bethel Church." 



The Roman Catholick Chapel 
Is situated on Platt-street,a few rods west of State-street, 
in the north part of the village. It is built of stone, on 
elevated ground, from which a fine prospect of the vil- 
lage is presented. 

The building is forty-two feet long and thirty-eight 
feet wide, with large Gothick windows. It was built in 
fhe year 1823. 

The Market Buildings, 
Now erecting on (he north side of the middle bridge, 
consist of an open platform, adjoining the bridge, 
of 20 feet, designed for a vegetable market ; next, a 
raise! platform, in a range with and corresponding to the 
side-walks of Buffalo and Main-streets, of which the 
market will serve as a continuation. Next to this is the 
covered meat market, having in the centre a walk of 12 
feet wide, between two rows of turned columns, and on 
either side, the places for stalls, each 10 by 14 feet. 

The building is 40 by 80 feet, and built on the plan of 
ihe new market, in Boston — cost estimated at $3000. 

It is in contemplation to build, the ensuing season, 
two large and beautiful stone edifices, for the second and 
third Presbyterian societies ; also, several extensive 
milling establishments, besides a number of stores, dwel^ 
$ing houses, &c. 



129 

V.— TRAVELLING. 

The facilities for travelling to and from Rochester, in 
almost every direction, have so much increased within 
a few years, and are a matter of so much importance, as 
to deserve a distinct enumeration. 

The chief routes are, to the ports on lake Ontario, and 
the rivers Niagara and St. Lawrence, by steam-boats and 
schooners that ply upon the lake, and come into the 
port of Genesee ; — directly east and west to Albany and 
Buffalo, with all the intermediate places, by the Erie 
canal ; — to Albany by the great western state road ; — 
and to Lewiston by the famous ridge road. 

In addition to the travelling occasioned by the exten- 
sive export and import trade of this particular region. 
Rochester proves a thoroughfare for the trade of a large 
portion of Ohio, Indiana, the Michigan territory, and 
Upper Canada; and for the crowds of travellers from al- 
most every country ,who annually visit the falls of Niagara. 

1. By Lake Ontario. — The steam-boat Ontario con- 
stantly plies during the summer season, between Lewis- 
ton on the Niagara, and Ogdensburgh on the St.Lawrence 
river, touching at Hanford's Landing, (three miles from 
Rochester,) Oswego, Sackett's Harbour, and Cape Vin- 
cent, by which, passages may usually be had either way. 
once a week. The Ontario is an excellent boat, having 
been rebuilt in a substantial manner in 1825, with ac- 
commodations not inferiour to any steam-boat on the 
lakes. 

It is frequently the case, that travellers from the cities 
who visit Niagara falls, come out by stages and canal 
packets, and return by the steam-boat, to Ogdensburgh, 
and from thence to Montreal, &c. The traveller is 
compensated for the trouble, time and expense, which 
this journey occasions. 



12 



*■ 



130 



The rates of fare, hitherto, have been, 
From Lewiston to Genesee river, $5 

From Genesee river to Sackett's Harbour, $5 
From Sackett's Harbour to Ogdensburgh, $5 
The above rates include all expenses of board, &c. 

2. By the Canal. —The packet boats daily arrive at and 
depart from Rochester, both east and west, during the sea- 
son of navigation, and afford excellent and comfort- 
able accommodations. During the whole of the sum- 
mer months, or from the first of May to November, 
the traveller is sure to meet, in these boats, a large 
company of the most respectable of both sexes ; while 
the easy motion, and rapid progress of the boat, with 
the opportunity of alternate reading and conversation, 
beguile the tediousness of a long journey. These 
boats run night and day, and accomplish about 80 
miles in twenty-four hours. The fare, including all ex- 
penses, is generally about four cents a mile. The pack- 
et boat company have at present 12 boats, and 130 horses. 

The following list of distances on the canal, is believ- 
ed to be correct, and may not be unappropriate in this 
place, viz : — 





EAST 1 


tVARD. 




*Vom Rochester to 


miles. 


From Rochester to 


mile 


Pittsford, 


10 


Chitteningo, 


116 


Palmyra. 


29 


New-Boston, 


120 


Newark, 


38 


Canistota, 


124 


Lyons, 


44 


Rome, 


145 


Clyde, 


53 


Utica, 


160 


Montezuma, 


64 


Herkimer, 


174 


Port Byron, 


70 


Little Falls, 


187 


Weed's Port, 


73 


Canajoharie, 


202 


Jordan, 


79 


Amsterdam, 


225 


Canton, 


85 


Schenectadv, 


240 


Syracuse, 


99 


Troy, 


262 


Orville, 


105 


Albany, 


269 


Manlius, 


108 







WESTWARD. 




miles. 


From Rochester to 


mile 


20 


Lockport, 


64 


25 Pendleton, 


71 


33 


Tonewanda, 


83 


40 


Black Rock, 


91 


52 


Buffalo, 


94 



131 



From Rochester to 
Brockport, 
Holley, 
Albion, 
Knowlsville, 
Middleport, 

3. By Stages. — There are two stage routes from Ro- 
chester to Albany, usually occupied by two lines of 
stages, by which there are at least two regular arrivals 
per day, besides numerous extras, during the chief sea- 
son p r travelling. One of these routes is as follows : 

To Pittsford, 8 miles; Palmyra, 15^ Lyons, lG: 
Montezuma, 16 ; Bucksville, 6 ; Weed's Basin, 3 ; El- 
bridge, C '; Camillus, 7 ; Syracuse, 7 ; Manlius, 10 ; Ca- 
zenovia, 9 ; Nelson, 4 ; Morrisville, 7 ; Madison, 7 : 
Sangerfield, 8 ; Bridgewater, 7 ; Winfield, 7; Richfield, 

8 ; Springfield, 9 ; Cherry Valley, 5 ; Schoharie, 26 ; 
Albany, 26.— Total, 217 miles. 

The other, via Canandaigua and Utica, is as follows : 

To Pittsford, 8 miles; Victor, 10; Canandaigua, 11 

Gorham, 5 ; Geneva, 11 ; Cayuga bridge, 14; Auburn 

9 ; Skaneateles, 6 ; Marcellus, 6 ; Onondaga Hollow, 10 
Manlius, 10 ; Sullivan, 12 ; Vernon, 12 ; Westmoreland 
6; New-Hartford, 7 ; Utica, 4; — 141. To Herkimer 
15 ; Little Falls, 7 ; Manheim, 10; Palatine, 10 ; Caugh- 
nawaga, 15; Amsterdam, 8 ; Schenectady, 15; Albany, 
15 ; _96. Total, 237- To N. York, by steam-boats, 149. 

To and from Lewiston, by the ridge-road, a stage 
arrives and departs daily. The following is a list of 
distances on this route : 

To Parma, 11 miles ; Clarkson, 7 ; Murray, 7 ; Ridge- 
way, 15 ; Hartland, 10; Cambria, 12 ; Lewiston, 12 ;— 
75. From Lewiston to Buffalo : — Niagara Falls, 7; Buf- 
falo, 22 ;— 29- Total, from Rochester to Buffalo, 104. 



132 

To Buffalo via Batavia. — Scottsville, 12 miles ; Cale- 
donia, 9 ; Le Roy, 6 ; Stafford, 5 ; Batavia, 5 ; Pem- 
broke, 14 ; Clarence, 8 ; Amherst, 7 ; Cold Springs, 9 ; 
Buffalo, 2 ;— Total, 77- 

The rates of fare in all these, as well as those that 
follow, average about 3| cents a mile. 

Besides the above, there are stages to Batavia, every 
day, through Chili, Bergen and Le Roy — whole distance 
estimated at 38 miles. Also, to Batavia, through Scotts- 
ville, Caledonia, and Le Roy ; 40 miles. To Geneseo, 
every second day, through Henrietta and Avon ; whole 
distance, 30lfides. To Fenfield, every day in the sum- 
mer : distance 8 miles. 



Sulphur Spring Bathing Establishment. 

This establishment, both healthful and comfortable to 
the resident citizen and traveller, was erected by an in- 
dividual over a strong sulphur spring, on the south side 
of Buffalo-street, near Washington-street. 

It consists of a bar-room, a ladies' drawing-room, and 
several bathing-rooms ; and the visitor is furnished with 
warm or cold baths, either of sulphur, alkaline, or fresh 
water, according to his choice and taste. 

The sulphur water from this spring is said to have a 
peculiarly pleasant effect, in giving softness and smooth- 
ness to the skin. 



The Theatre 
Is situated on Carroll-street, a few rods north of Buffa- 
lo-street. It is open but part of the season, the compa- 



133 

ny of performers not being permanently settled liere 7 
and only exhibiting a few weeks at a time. 

Of the influence of theatrical exhibitions, upon the 
morals and habits of a young community, it does not be- 
come us to speak ; but we are constrained to say, that 
the character of the performances at this theatre has not 
generally been such as reflects credit upon the taste of 
our citizens. 



The Monroe County Poor-House, 
Situated three miles south-east from Rochester, was 
erected at the expense of the county, in the year 1826. 
It is a convenient brick building, calculated to accom- 
modate from 75 to 100 paupers. It is managed by five 
superintendents, and has at present about 35 occupants, 
about 20 of whom are employed in some useful labour. 



Carthage Bridge, 
Having been an object of interest to the traveller, while- 
it stood, and its site and ruins being still an object of 
curiosity, we subjoin the following description : 

It was built by a company of gentlemen, at the village 
of the same name, across Genesee river, about one and a 
half miles north of the village of Rochester. It was com- 
pleted in February, 1819, under the direction of Brainerd 
& Chapman. 

It consisted of an entire arch, the chord of which was 
352 feet, and the versed sine 54 feet. The summit of 
the arch was 196 feet above the surface of the water. 
The entire length of the bridge was 718 feet, and the 
width 30 feet, besides four large elbow braces, placed 
at the extremities of the arch, and projecting 15 feet on 
each side of it. 



134 

The arch consisted of nine ribs, two feet four inches 
thick, connected by braced levellers above and below, 
and secured by 800 strong iron bolts. The feet of the 
arch rested upon the solid rock, about 60 feet below the 
surface of the upper bank. Soon after the completion 
of the bridge, loaded teams, with more than thirteen tons 
weight, passed over it, without producing any percepti- 
ble tremour. 

It contained about 70,000 feet of timber, running 
measure, besides 64,620 feet of board measure. It was 
built in the first place upon a Gothick arch, the vertex 
of which was about 20 feet below the floor of the bridge, 
and was, in point of mechanical ingenuity, as great a cu- 
riosity as the bridge itself. 

The famous bridge at Schaffhausen, in Switzerland, 
which stood for fifty vears the pride of the eastern world, 
was but twelve feet longer span than the bridge at Car- 
thage. The most lofty single arch at present in Eu- 
rope, is 116 feet less in length than this, and the arch 
not as high by 96 feet. 

This famous work, which reflected so much credit on 
the enterprise of the proprietors, and the ingenuity of 
the builders, stood but about &ae year. The immense 
weight of timber, pressing unequally upon the arch, 
threw up the centre from its equilibrium, and the whole 
tumbled into ruins. 

This bridge was of the utmost importance to the rising 
village situated on the eastern bank of the Genesee river, 
within a short distance of the celebrated Ridge Road, 
the two points of which, broken by the river, might be 
said to be connected by it. 

The scenery around this place is picturesque and sub- 
lime, being within view of three water-falls of the Ge- 
nesee, one of which has 105 feet perpendicular descent. 






135 

The manufacturing privileges at this point are ven 
extensive and eligible, on both sides of the river. At 
present, they are only occupied for a flouring-mill, an 
oil-mill, and two saw-mills ; but the time is not far dis- 
tant, when extensive establishments will be erected, and 
a flourishing village built on each bank of the river. 

Immediately after the destruction of the arch bridge, 
another bridge was built upon piers, about a hundred 
rods south of the site of the former, and upon a lower 
level, which makes a safe and easy communication from 
the west side of the river to Strong & Co's flouring-mill . 
and the village of Carthage. 

Another flouring-mill, to contain four run of stones, is 
now building, and preparations for other manufactories 
are in progress. 



The Harbour and Port op Genesee 

Is situated at the mouth of Genesee river, about seven 
miles north from the village of Rochester. Within the 
bar are twenty feet of water. There is a light-house on 
the west bank of the river, built by the United States in 
1824. A port of entry was established in 1805, and 
Samuel Latta was appointed the first collector. 

Jesse Hawley, the present collector, resides in the 
village of Rochester. 

G. H. Holden, deputy collector and surveyor of the 
port, resides at Charlotte, a small village near the mouth 
of the river, which was first settled about the year 1810. 

There is a post-office in the place. 



130 

Monroe High School, 
In Henrietta, about seven miles south from Rochester, 
is a brick edifice, 50 by 60 feet, and three stories high, 
exclusive of the basement, which is 7j feet high, built 
of stone. The first story contains, on the left of the 
hall, a school room, 50 feet long by 24 wide, and eleven 
feet high, and on the right of the hall, another room, 40 
by 24. On the second floor is the principal school 
room, 60 feet long, 40 wide, and 16 feet high, lighted 
by eleven windows, eight feet in length. Adjoining this 
is a small retiring room. The third story is nine feet 
high, and contains spacious rooms for a library, and 
the trustees, and a number of smaller rooms for studies. 

At each corner of the balustrade, is an urn, five feet 
in height and two in diameter ; and the building is 
surmounted by an octagon cupola, twelve feet in diame- 
ter, around which is a platform, whence there is a fine 
view of the surrounding country. 

The expense of erecting and completing the building 
was about $5,000, four-fifths of which sum was sub- 
scribed by the farmers of Henrietta, and the remainder 
by a few individuals in Rochester. 

This is the first academy incorporated under the act 
of 1821. The trustees are — 



Levi Ward, Jr. 
Giles Boulton, 
Jacob Gould, 
Elijah Little, 
Elisha Gage, 
Abijah Gould, 

D. B. Crane, Principal. 

Mr. Gazlay, First Assistant. 



Ezra Howard, 
Martin Roberts, 
Ozias S. Church, 
Luther C.Chamberlin. 
Thomas Jones, 
Charles Dannals. 



APPENDIX. 

Whatever anticipations may be indulged in relation 
to the future condition and prospects of our flourishing 
village, it must be acknowledged that its growth and 
progress has hitherto surpassed all calculation, and the 
highest expectations of its admiring friends. 

The proportionate increase of population the pasi 
year, is almost without a parallel ; and the contemplated 
improvements of the coming season can hardly fail to 
excite our strongest admiration and surprise. The pub 
lick, indeed, are alive to improvements ; and the follow- 
ing interesting report of the Street Commissioner, ex- 
hibiting an increase of population for the past year oi 
more than three thousand, cannot fail to engage gene- 
ral attention ; while it points outmost conclusively, thas 
we are rapidly advancing to the rank and opulence of a 
wide-spread city. 

" VILLAGE STATISTICKS." 

" Agreeable to a resolution of the Board to have a 
census of the village taken, for police regulations, and 
for the directory of 1828, 1 proceeded to visit each tene- 
ment and building, and registered the name of the head 
of every family and of single men, and present you with 
an abstract or sum total of the number of persons found 
in each ward ; and in the books and papers herewith 
submitted, will be found the statement in detail. 

"And while performing this duty, I embraced the 
opportunity of collecting other statistical information, 
which I trust will be found not altogether uninteresting, 
relating as it does to the importance and prosperity oi 
the village, to its manufactures, its commerce, and to its 
13 



IS8 

rapid growth. The statement, as regards the population 
of the village, is correct ; and that relating to other sta- 
tistical information, may be relied on as substantially so, 
though much difficulty was experienced in collecting the 
amount of our exports and manufactures ; and these are 
rather given as estimates than as correct items ; but I 
believe, from the various facts collated, that they are not 
overrated. 

Condensed Statement of Population, Sfc. 

1st Ward—In the bounds of the corporation, - 2318 2318 

3d Ward— do. do. - 1672 

do. On village allotment, over the bounds, and 
within the proposed enlargement of the 
lines, .... 248 

1920 

3d Ward— Within the bounds, - - 2198 

do. On village allotment over the lines, and 
within the proposed enlargement of the 
bounds, .... 125 

2323 

4th Ward— Within the bounds, - 1645 

do. On allotment over the lines, - 550 

2195 

vtk Ward— Within the lines, - - - 1656 

do. On allotment over the lines, - 406 

2062 

Total, 10,818 

Or— within the bounds of the corporation, 9489 
Without the bounds, but on village allotment 

within the proposed lines, - - 1329 

Total, 10,818 

Qr — again : — whole number of males, - 6016 

do. females, - 4802 



Total, 10,816 
Of which number 4013 are under 14 years of age. 

Whole number of families, ... 1664 

Whole number of buildings, - - 1474 
The number of new buildings erected during the 

past season, - - - 352 

Which cost, by appraisement, * $297,380 

Amount of the yearly rents paid in the village, $97,068 



139 

Amount of imports into the village from the east, 

by our resident merchants, for the year, $1,020,800 

Amount of exports, including flour, pork, com 

meal, ashes, &c. - - - 1,200,000 

Amount of manufactures, various kinds, not inclu- 
ding flour, .... 400,000 
do. of flour, 200,000 barrels, $4, 800,000 
Of which H. Ely made, from 11th Dec. 1826, to 11th Dec. 1827, 
with four run of stones, 33,144 barrels, 

" The saw mills cut about nine million feet of lumber 
in a year, and about five million feet are brought down 
ihe river. 

u There are 52 run of stones for flouring and other 
purposes, of which 16 run have been constructed this 
year, with many more in preparation ; and a water pow- 
er, yet unconsumed, for more than one hundred exten 
sive manufactories, and which the growing wants of the 
country require to be employed. 

" The pavement of the streets has been commenced ; 
near two miles of expensive side-walks, and 518 rods of 
substantial sewers and drains have been constructed du- 
ring the past season. 

Ci All which is respectfully submitted. 

" O. WILDER, Street Commissioner" 

The above report certainly exhibits a very flattering 
picture of the past, and, taken in connexion with the 
projected improvements for the future, encourages us to 
hope that the continued industry of an active and enter- 
prising population, together with the natural resources 
of our country, and its great and important local advan- 
tages, will ere long render Rochester the pride and or- 
nament of the west — make it indeed the Manchester it 
not the Sheffield of the United States. 

In order to convey some idea of the hydraulick pow- 
er in this vicinity, we publish the following communica- 
tion from one of our daily papers, which may probably 
be relied upon as substantially correct : 



140 

" The amount of water power and its value in the vi- 
cinity of Rochester, compared with steam power.— The 
quantity of water in the Genesee river at low water is 
20,000 cubick feet per minute ; and the fall from Roch- 
ester to the Lake is about 280 feet. A fall of 12£ cu- 
bick feet of water per minute 20 feet, is equal to the 
power of one horse. In the present mode of applying 
water to wheels, it cannot be used to good advantage 
with a fall of more than 20 feet. Suppose the water to 
be used eight times, with a fall of 20 feet each time, the 
power would be equal to 12,800 horses, or 640 steam 
engines of 20 horse power each. In this calculation the 
power is computed at what a horse is capable of per- 
forming for eight hours a day, or one-third of the time ; 
so that the full power of the water may be estimated to 
be equal to 38,400 horses, or 1,920 steam engines of 20 
horse power each. 

* : The cost of an engine of 20 horse power in England 
is ,£2000, or $8,880 ; and the cost of engines equivalent 
lo the power of 38,400 horses would by the same esti- 
mate be $17,049,600 ; and the annual expense of work- 
ing an engine is <£50, or $222, for each horse power.— 
The interest on $17,049,600 would be $1,193,472 an- 
nually ; to which add expense for working the same. 
$8,524,800, amounts to $9,718,272, which is the value 
of the water power, annually, of the Genesee river at 
this place, calculated according to the cost of steam pow- 
er in England." 

The following pertinent remarks by the editor of the 
Daily Advertiser, upon the importance of our manufac- 
turing privileges^ are also particularly worthy of notice 
by our citizens and the publick : — 

il The facilities for manufacturing purposes offered by 
'he water-power and other local advantages of this place, 



141 

are beginning to attract some share of attention from the 
eastern capitalists. A company in Boston have made u 
proposition to invest half a million, or a sum equal to 
any amount which may be subscribed by practical men 
here, for the prosecution of the cotton manufacture on 
an extensive scale. The offer will doubtless receive, 
as it deserves, the deepest consideration from all interes- 
ted in the continued growth and prosperity of Rochester, 
" The influx of population is greatly attributable to oui 
immense hydraulick privileges ; and the anticipation of 
a speedy improvement of these privileges for manufac- 
turing purposes, has created and nerved that spirit whose 
operations have placed us, with magical suddenness, in 
the first rank of villages. To sustain this enviable and 
unparalleled condition, to encourage the influx of enter- 
prising emigrants, and justify the confidence which has 
so suddenly congregated such a population on its banks, 
the latent water power of the Genesee must be render- 
ed available. Thus would new avenues of industry be 
created, and provision made for the ultimate support oi 
the hundreds now engaged in building and preparing foi 
the thousands flocking in, but who, in the gradual cessa- 
tion of their present employment, will necessarily be 
thrown on society for other means of livelihood. It is 
from no immediate apprehension we speak, but to meet 
consequences which will come, inevitably though remote 
ly, unless our capitalists and practical men set about culti- 
vating in good earnest the natural advantages our loca- 
tion so pre-eminently possesses. The true policy of the 
village is evident, and a timely application of it is only 
necessary to perpetuate a prosperity, thus far unexam- 
pled in history," 

13* 



142 

GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS. 

The village improvements of the past year have beeL 
surprisingly great ; but are trifling in comparison to those 
which will probably be effected the coming season. Ma- 
ny substantial publick and private buildings have been 
erected ; and among others, the Globe Buildings on Main- 
street, and the stupendous Flouring Mill of E. S. Beach 
8i Co. deserve to be especially mentioned. The latter 
is to contain 16 run of stones, and is probably the largest 
in the world. Three large Hotels are now building, 
besides the several already occupied ; and another to 
surpass in convenience and beauty, all which have pre- 
ceded it, is designed to be located on Buffalo-street, near 
Buffalo Bridge, and completed in the course of the pre- 
sent year. In addition to this, several extensive blocks 
of stores, warehouses, flouring mills, factories, &c. be- 
rides numerous private dwellings, have been contracted 
ibr, and will be commenced early in the spring. Seve- 
ral basins are also to be constructed ; and among the 
largest and most important, is Washington Basin, 160 
feet by 200, to front on Buffalo-street, and communicate 
with the Erie canal opposite. 

Another bridge is to be thrown across the Genesee 
j iver, near the foot of Andrews-street. Several street* 
rue to be opened, and others paved, with all the despatcli 
which the improvement demands, and which is so indis- 
pensable to the health and comfort of our citizens. Be- 
sides being a publick convenience, it is an object of the 
highest publick concern, as it will have an immediate 
operation upon the growth, prosperity and beauty of the 
village ; for "it is a part of the experience of all muni- 
cipal bodies, that what is expended in works of publick 
convenience and utility, reacts with powerful influence 



143 

upon the value of property, and the prosperity of the 
present as well as future generations/*' 

Several canals, rail-roads, &c. have been projected, 
to facilitate and improve the intercourse with our neigh- 
bours ; and a petition is before the legislature, for aid 
and assistance, in uniting the waters of the Genesee 
with the Allegany river : and seeing the rapid improve- 
ments, and the benefits resulting to the State from interi- 
our canals, they will no doubt cheerfully grant their pro- 
tection, and help to complete this useful and important 
line of water communication. 

The location of Rochester is, indeed, peculiarly fa- 
vourable for easy water communication, in almost every 
direction ; and situated as it is, in the most fertile country 
of the west, abounding in wheat, wool, iron, timber, and 
mineral coal, with a climate temperate and heathful ; 
producing all the comforts and luxuries of life, and the 
most delicious fruits ; and where the expense of living 
is comparatively small, and schools abundant ; it must 
continue to increase and flourish, and become the com- 
mercial and manufacturing emporium of the western 
country. It has already, in fact, become a seat of com- 
mercial importance, and social refinement; and is attract- 
ing men of enterprise from the eastern cities, with 
wealth and talents, to promote farther improvements, not 
only in agriculture and commerce, but in science and the 
mechanick arts ; while the salubrity of its summer 
climate — the sociability of its inhabitants — the constant 
bustle and enterprise of its business population — the 
superiority of its publick houses, and its sulphur baths 
and mineral waters, &c. render it the centre of attrac- 
tion to all those who are travelling for health or plea- 
sure, to or from the eastern cities, or to the falls of Ni- 
o^ara, and the Lakes, 



144 
Publick Health. 

There is nothing in the local situation of Rochester, 
which is unfavourable to the enjoyment of general 
health. The land is light and sandy, rising to a consi- 
derable elevation on one side of the river, and on the 
other, extending backward in gentle undulations, some 
portions of which overlook and command a delightful 
prospect of the surrounding village. The motion of the 
Genesee is rapid, and the canal which winds along the 
village, with an ever changing current, can hardly ex- 
pose us, during the hottest summer months, to any local 
or general disease. A large publick sewer has already 
been extended through the village, constantly supplied 
with water, by which much of the filth and rubbish that 
would otherwise be collected, and prove a source of in- 
fection, will be transmitted to the river ; and when the 
streets shall be sufficiently elevated and paved, and the 
vacant lots occupied, nothing but individual discretion 
will be wanting, to secure to us the permanent enjoyment 
of general health. The summer complaints are not 
more frequent or severe than in other large towns of the 
same latitude ; and as the winters here are much milder; 
than on the seaboard, consumption is less common, and 
yields more readily to an early and judicious application 
of medicine. Intermittent fevers are becoming less 
common, and by and bye may wholly disappear. The 
medical profession is quite numerous and respectable, 
and if a wall of physicians round about us, is any guar- 
anty to the preservation of publick health, we ma) 
enjoy an exemption from disease to a degree altogether 
enviable to less fortunate villages, 



145 
Health Law. 

It is quite desirable in all large towns, that accurate 
bills of mortality should be publickly noted and preserv- 
ed. For this purpose, the following village ordinance 
was passed by the Board the present season : — 

"Be it ordained by the Trustees of the village of Ro- 
chester, that it shall be the duty of the village sexton ; 
and of the several sextons of the different churches or 
parishes within the village of Rochester, and of every 
person who has the custody of any burying ground with- 
in the village of Rochester, to keep a book in which 
shall be entered the name of every person buried by such 
sexton, or person having the custody of such burying 
ground, or.by any person in the employment of them or 
either of them, in which shall also be entered the age of 
such deceased person, the disorder of which such person 
died, the time of the death of such person, and the name 
of the attending physician, so far as such facts can be 
ascertained by such sexton or other person, from the 
certificate of the attending physician, or from the family 
of the deceased ; and that it shall be the further duty of 
such sexton or other person, to furnish the Clerk of the 
Board of Trustees on every Monday morning, with an 
exact copy of the entries in such book made the week 
previous, certified by such sexton or other person. And 
every sexton or other person having the custody of any 
burying ground, as aforesaid, neglecting or refusing to 
comply with the provisions of this ordinance, shall for 
every such neglect or refusal, forfeit and pay to the said 
Trustees the sum of five dollars.'' 

RUFUS BEACH, ClcrL 



146 
PUBLICK INSTITUTIONS, 

Rochester Medical Association. 

Instituted May 16, 1827- 

It is composed of the Physicians and Surgeons ot 

Rochester, for the purpose of regulating the practice ol 

medicine and surgery, and their mutual improvement in 

medical knowledge. Its meetings are held monthly, 



Bank of Rochester. 
A new brick building, of fair proportions, and hand 
somely ornamented with stone, has been erected the past 
season, on Exchange-street, and will be occupied for 
banking purposes early in the spring. 



Museum. 
This establishment is kept on Exchange-street, and 
is worthy of more general patronage. Its collections are 
increasing, and if directed by good taste, it may be made 
a source of agreeable entertainment, and useful know- 
ledge. 



Intelligence Office. 

An office of general agency and intelligence has re- 
cently been opened in the Globe Buildings, by T. Scott, 
which promises to be very useful to the village. 



Reading Room and Library. 
A reading room and circulating library have also 
been established by the same enterprising individual ; 
and as both of them are of great and increasing import- 
ance to the village, it is confidently hoped they will re- 
ceive a generous patronage from the publick. 



147 

Rochester High School. 
This institution was incorporated the present year* 
and a large stone edifice is now erecting, three stories 
high — 50 feet by 80 ; the estimated cost of which is 
$6,000. It is to be divided into several apartments, and 
all the elementary and higher branches of education are 
to be taught, chiefly upon the monitorial system. 



Pi Beta Gamma Society. 
A forcnsick club, under this title, was organized sevc- 
veral years since, and is composed of young gentlemen 
of the village, for the laudable purpose of forensick dis- 
cussion, and improvement in publick debates. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Second Presbyterian Church. 
A handsome brick building, now erecting on the cor- 
ner of Hughes and Ann streets, 58 feet by 75* with o 
basement story for session rooms, &c. Estimated cost. 
$12,000. 



Third Presbyterian Church. 
Situated on Main and Clinton streets. A large stone 
edifice, rough cast, 58 feet by 75, with a basement sto- 
ry, &c. presenting an agreeable exterior, and one of 
the loftiest and most imposing steeples in the western 
country. Its front and columns are to be faced with imi- 
tation marble. 



African Church. 
A plain brick building, now erecting; for the conven- 
ience of the blacks, on Ely-street. 



148 



Baptist Society. 
This society has lately purchased a church on Carroll- 
street, and will soon occupy it as their regular place of 
worship. 



St. Paul's — Episcopal. 
This society was organized the present year. They 
have purchased a lot of ground on Market-street, upon 
which they intend erecting a splendid Gothick church in 
the course of the ensuing summer. 



Friends' Society. 
Organized in 1817. It is a very respectable society, 
and has its regular worship on Hughes-street. 



Universalists. 
A society of Universalists has been organized in this 
village, but at present, we believe, has no particular 
place of worship. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Albany Fire Insurance Company — Located m the 
city of Albany— Capital $500,000. O. E. Gibbs, Agent. 
Office in Exchange-street. 

JEltna Fire Insurance Company — Located in the city 
of New- York— Capital $400,000. O. Wilder, Agent. 
Office in Carroll-street. 

Firemen's Fire Insurance Company — Located in the 
city of New- York— Capital $300,000. J, Watts, Agent, 
Office in Exchange-street. 



149 

Farmers' Fire Insurance and Loan Company — Loca- 
ted in the city of New- York— Capital $500,000. Levi 
Ward, Jr., Carroll-st., J. F. Jenkins, Main-st., Agents, 

United States Fire Insurance Company — Located in 
the city of New- York— Capital $250,000. B. Camp- 
bell, Agent. Office in Carroll-street. 

Chatham Fire Insurance Company — Located in the 
city of New-York— Capital $400,000. Giles Boul- 
ton, Agent, Market-street. 

Hartford Fire Insurance Company — Located in the 

city of Hartford, (Conn.) — Capital $ . Levi 

Ward, Jr., Agent. Office in Carroll-street. 

Manhattan Fire Insurance Company — Located in the 
oity of New-York— Capital $500,000. H. Humphrey, 
Agent. Office in the Globe Building. 

Publick Houses. 

Rochester House — Corner of Exchange and Spring 
streets — Noyes. 

Merchants'' Exchange — Exchange-street — Richard- 
son. 

Eagle Tavern — Corner of Buffalo and Carroll streets 
— Ensworth. 

Mansion House — Carroll-street — Christopher. 

Franklin House — Corner of Main and Market streets 
— Millard. 

Union Hotel — Buffalo-street — Eldridge. 

Rochester Resort — Corner of State and Brown streets 
— Parsons. 

Farmers'' Hotel — Caledonia-street — Williams. 

BulVs Head— Buffalo-street — Bacon. 

Main-street. — Blossom. 

Corner of Main and Elm streets — 

Fitch, 

14 



150 

Officers of the Village of Rochester* 
Trustees. — First Ward, Frederick Whittlesey. 
Second Ward, Ezra M, Parsons. 
Third Ward, Jonathan Child. 
Fourth Ward, Elisha Johnson. 
Fifth Ward, Andrew V. T. Leavitt- 

Assessors—- -First Ward, Robert King. 

Second Ward, William Rathbun, 
Third Ward, Daniel Loomis. 
Fourth Ward, Daniel Tinker. 
Fifth Ward, Davis C. West. 

Elisha Johnson, President of the Board of Trustees. 

Rufus Beach, Clerk and Attorney. 

J. B. El wood, Treasurer. 

O. Wilder, Street Commissioner. 

Stephen Symonds, Collector and Constable, 

Robert H. Stevens, Constable. 

F. D. A. Foster, Sexton. 

M. Willson, Weigher of Hay. 

S. Works, Chief Engineer. 



Officers, &c. of the Bank of Rochester 
Incorporated in 1824. Capital $250,000, 

Levi Ward, Jr. President. 

A. M. Scherraerhom, Cashier. 

John T. Talman, Teller and Notary. 

Levi Burnell, Book-keeper, 

A. S. Van Boskerk, Discount Clerk. 

Levi Ward, Jr., Jonathan Child, Thomas H. Roches 
ter, Ira West, William Pitkin, James Seymour, Abelard 
Reynolds, Charles II. Carroll, Frederick Bushnell, W. 
W. Mumford, A. V. T. Leavitt, Aristarchus Champion, 
Simeon P. AUcott, Directors. 

Days of Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. 

Notes and Bills received for discount until 10 o'clock- 
on discount days, 



151 



CONCLUSION. 

Having reviewed the progress already made in this 
village and vicinity, it may not be improper to conclude, 
by noticing some improvements to which its preseni 
circumstances loudly demand the attention of its citi- 
zens, as also some of the unoccupied fields of profitable 
investment and productive industry which are still pre 
sented ; and undoubtedly the object that here presents 
itself at first, both in necessity and importance, is the 

Cause op Education. 

There is yet no institution of learning enjoying a pub 
lick and organized patronage. There is no edifice buili 
for science — no retreat for the muses — no academic!* 
grove yet planted. The occupations of the citizens hi- 
therto in their secular affairs, accounts for this ; but this 
rather increases than diminishes its necessity. In pro- 
portion to the enterprise and bustle, and success in mat- 
ters of mere physical wealth, which is daily presented 
to the observation of our youth, should be the effort to 
counteract the sordid principles which this alone musl 
impress, and to enrich the mind of the rising race witl. 
the softening and elevating influence of education ; with- 
out which, riches will fail to make them respectable or 
happy. 

The age in which we live is teeming with im- 
provements in education, as well as in other things, 
Our minds are no longer chained down to a few forma 
precedents, any or all of which might be inapplicable 
to our circumstances — we may now create the very thing 
we need ; at least we may lay its foundation at a com- 
paratively cheap rate. Only let a competent snncc oi 



152 

land be secured, and sacredly devoted to the cause ol 
general education. Let the plan be liberal — as wide as 
die prospective wants of our population ; and let build- 
nigs, in conformity with the plan, be erected as required. 
If Greek and Roman literature be still indispensable 
to an enlarged mind and cultivated taste, let a provision 
for its thorough acquirement not be overlooked. If 
mathematical learning has become the handmaid of every 
useful art, as well as the very marshal of our reasoning 
powers, let its cultivation not be forgotten. If a manu- 
facturing population, as ours must necessarily be, may 
be raised from the drudgery of the day that makes man 
a machine, and from the vices of the evening relaxation, 
which make him a beast, to the dignity of a mind that 
converses with God in the study of his physical laws, 
and that benefits society by his inventive ingenuity, while 
lie reaps innocent enjoyment to himself; if this ma^ 
be done by popular lectures on the arts and sciences — by 
philosophical experiments — by a cabinet — by a botanick 
garden commensurate with our means, why should not 
this be embraced in our plan ? And if monitorial instruc- 
tion or any other improvements, may assist in extending 
the benefits of elementary instruction to the whole of our 
children, rich or poor, let this not be overlooked. At 
all events, let the education of our youth be understood. 
as it is, an indispensable object, without which, our other 
labours are comparatively useless. Let it be understood 
Ujat much time has already been lost, and cannot be re- 
deemed ; and that immediate exertion is demanded, to 
sustain the interest, reputation and well-being of our 
community. 

The Paving and Lichting of the Village, 
Is also an object which, though not wholly overlooked;, 
demands more prompt and efficient measures than hav< 



153 

yet been taken. These seem heavy burdens to the citi- 
zens at present, but a little reflection on the past, will 
clearly demonstrate that the necessary means are not un- 
profitably expended. 

As to unoccupied resources for enterprising citizens- 
even a superficial observer can be at no loss to discover 
many. The river yet affords a multitude of mill sites, 
where labour-saving machinery of every description may 
be erected ; the surrounding country presents a large and 
rapidly increasing demand for all the productions of art 
and industry ; and the canal affords the means of cheap 
transportation to all the Atlantick cities, and, westward, 
through the lakes, to a distance of 3000 miles ! An ex- 
tensive establishment for working the iron ores of the 
neighbourhood, would be an advantage both to the pub- 
lick and the proprietor. A glass manufactory coald 
hardly fail to do well ; and the fluate of lime in the vi- 
cinity, might be employed to good purpose in ornament- 
ing the glass-ware now imported. 

The encouragements for the woollen manufacture, (es- 
pecially if the pending tariff law should be carried in its 
favour,) may be considered as almost unlimited. 

There are also connected with the agricultural indus 
try of the neighbourhood, many profitable objects pre 
senting themselves. 

The supply of the village with the productions of the 
garden and dairy, is not yet equal to the demand ; and 
we still import from abroad, at a high price, many arti 
cles for which our climate and soil is equal to any othei 
under the sun. It is a singular circumstance, (for in- 
stance,) that we should here give two pounds of pepper 
the growth of the Indian isles, for one of mustard, a plant 
as easily cultivated and floured here as wheat, of which 
we export so many thousand barrels. 



154 

There is perhaps no region in which the hop flourishes 
more luxuriantly, or with so little care, as here. A mul- 
titude of other articles might be mentioned, but these 
are sufficient to excite inquiry in our intelligent farmers. 

To conclude : — We have seen our village, from a log 
hut or two, in the deep and lonely forest, rise like the 
work of magick, in a few years, to the form of a busy 
and populous city. We have seen the forest yielding to 
the fruitful field, and the fruitful field to streets crowded 
•with commerce, and wharves covered with the merchan- 
dise of every nation. From a few adventurous settlers, 
braving the hardships and dangers of an untried wilder- 
ness, we now see a multitude of people enjoying all the 
necessaries and luxuries of life. The past is instructive, 
the future deely interesting. Industry and enterprise r 
crowned by the blessing of a bountiful Providence, have 
effected what we see. What future achievements may 
not be accomplished by the same means ? But a new 
element here enters into our calculations. It was the 
yielding forest and the passive earth that have been 
hitherto regulated and subdued ; our future prosperi- 
ty depends on the tractability of a mass of mind, a 
host of mingling opinions, passions, virtues and vices, 
thrown together from every quarter of the globe. Shall 
it rise through years to come in moral and social order 
and beauty? Let each citizen answer for himself; each 
will have his share of agency in the event ; but let it be 
remembered, that a new instrumentality must be at work. 
The means that have transformed the forest, will not 
act upon the mind. Education must be cherished ; re- 
ligion must be revered ; luxury and vice must be abjured ; 
our magistracy must feel the true interests of the citi- 
zens, and must be supported in their efforts to promote 
every virtuous, and to suppress every corrupting innV 



155 

cnco. So doing, we are permitted to anticipate prosper- 
ity. The Providence that has blessed the early, will 
equally smile upon the latter exertions. We may be 
wise and honourable, good and great, if we labour for 
it by the appropriate means, and with a corresponding 
ardour. And the time has come, when, if we put forth 
no other energies than those which merely tend to pro- 
perty and wealth, they will only tend to demolish the 
fabrick they have reared, and render our successors a 
monument of the vanity and folly of human expectations. 
But we look for better things. We reckon on a communi- 
ty enlightened enough to know the value of its blessings, 
and the way by which they must be secured. We look 
forward to this place at some distant day, as a flourishing 
city ; flourishing not merely in wealth and power, but in 
knowledge and virtue, an honour and a blessing to sister 
cities around, and the home of a great people, enlight- 
ened and happy. 



THE END. 



ADVERTISEMENTS 



C. DUNNING & CO. 

Wlwlesale and retail dealers in French, 
English and India 

(No. 12 Carroll-street,) 

where will always be found a large assortment of the 

most fashionable 

FANCY DRY GOODS, 

of every description. Having a partner residing in the 
city, they will always be able to keep their establishment 
supplied with the latest and most fashionable SILK 
GOODS that are received in the New-York market ; 
and they hope to render it worthy the patronage they 
have heretofore received from their friends and the 
publick in general. 
March 1, 1827. 

STOCK, EXCH.A.3TGB AND 10TTERV 
BROKER. 

OFFICE EAST SIDE OF CARROLL-STREET. 

{£/** BANK and other Stocks purchased and sold on 
commission. 

fl£^* Every description of uncurrent Bank Notes want- 
ed, at the lowest rates of discount. 

(j^* Tickets and shares for sale, in every popular 
Lottery in the Union, authorized by law. 

Rochester, March 1, 1827. 



HARVEY RAYMOND, 

SHOEMAKER, 

West side of Carroll-st. one door south of E. Peck\< 
Bookstore, 

EEPS constantly on hand a general assortment of 



K 



Ladies and Gentlemen's 



Among which, are Ladies' Prunell, Sattin, Morocco, 
Seal and Calf skin BOOTS, Prunell of all colours, Kid. 
Sattin, Morocco, Seal and Calf skin Shoes ; Gentlemen's 
Back strap, Wellington and Waterloo Boots ; Morocco, 
Seal, Buck, and Calfskin Shoes and Pumps; also Boxes, 
together with a large assortment of Stogy Boots and 
Shoes, Children's Shoes, Ladies' and Gentlemen's Socks, 
all of his own manufacture, made of the best materials, 
and warranted. Orders executed with promptness. 

Rochester, March 1, 1827. 

The Chatham Fire Insurance Company . 




OF THE CITY OF STEW-TORS, 



HORACE W. BULKLEY, President, 
JOSEPH C. HART, Secretary, 

INSURES buildings, canal boats, personal property, 
&c. against loss or damage by Fire, on as reasonable 
terms as any other institution of the kind. For Insur- 
ance on property in this section of the country, apply to 
GILES BOULTON, Agent. 
Rochester, March 1, 1827. 



TROY AND EBXE LINE. 



GRIFFITH fy BR O WN, 

AGENTS FOR THE ABOVE LINE, 

WILL make advances on Produce left with them to 
sell, or to be Vorwarded to New- York. 

OFFICE AT THEIR WAREHOUSE, EUFFALO-ST. ROCHESTER. 

March, 1827. 

WESTERN 

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 




LOCATED IN THE VILLAGE OF CANANDAIGUA, 
(Incorporated in the year 1824. j 

DIRECTORS. 

NAT. W. HOWELL, JAMES D. BEMIS, 
JOHN GREIG, CHARLES H. CARROLL. 

HENRY B. GIBSON, WALTER HUBBELL, 
THOMAS BEALS, LEVI WARD, Jr. 
JASPER PARRISH. 

NATHANIEL W. HOWELL, Pres'L 
JEREMIAH VAN RENSSELAER Sec'ry. 

This company insures Buildings and Goods against 
fire, upon as favourable terms as any sound institution in 
the state. They adjust all losses with fairness and 
promptitude. 

AGENTS AT ROCHESTER. 

LEVI WARD, Jr. 

Office in the Counting-Room ofWra. H. Ward & Co. Carroll-si 

EBEN. ELY. Office in Carroll-st. 
March, 1827- 14 



8* <&* Mmmmww^ 

One door south of the Mansion-House, Carroll-street. 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

DRY GOODS AND 



Pays Cash for Wheat, Pork, Pot and Pearl Ashes, and 
most kinds of country Produce. 
Rochester, March, 1827. 

ROCHESTER 

Clothing Emporium. 

Merchant TaWov, No. 1 Exchange -si, 

KEEPS constantly on hand, an elegant assortment 
of Shepherd's best Black, Blue, Mixed and Olive 
Broadcloths, Kerseymeres, Cut Velvets, Toilinet, Va- 
lencia and Silk Vestings, &c. 

ALSO, A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OP 

For the accommodation of Gentlemen travelling, \\e 
keeps constantly on hand, 

Extra line linen Shirts, and shirt Collars, 

Cravats, Suspenders and Hose, 

Buckskin Skirts and Drawers, 

do. Lambs' wool, Floss and Flannel Drawers, 
with an elegant assortment of Gentlemen's Hunting Belts. 

This Establishment having been long in operation, and 
having, as is believed, given general satisfaction to its 
customers, the proprietor now has the satisfaction to state 
to the publick, that by late additions, his stock of goods 
are equal in quality, style, and extent, to those of any 
other clothing establishment in the western country. 
All orders thankfully received. 

March, 1827- 



tAND AGENCY, & SURVEYING, 

Having connected himself with JOHN R.HENRY, 
in establishing a 



In the village of Rochester, and having provided them- 
selves with maps and plans of the village and surrounding 
country, will be enabled to give much useful informa- 
tion to strangers wishing to locate themselves in this sec- 
lion of the State. The purchase and sale of Farms and 
Lots — the examining of land titles, conveyancing, &c. 
will receive their prompt attention. 

SURVEYING AND LEVELLING. 

The arrangement of the office will be such as to ena- 
ble one of the parties to attend to calls from the country 
for surveying on the shortest notice, and they flatter 
themselves that their experience and careful attention to 
the interests of their employers, will give entire satis- 
faction. 

Gentlemen having Farms to dispose of, will do well to 
call and leave a description of them. 

They have now on sale several desirable Farms and 
out lots, near the village. One farm 2| miles from 
Rochester, possessing many valuable properties. 

N. B. The most respectable references will be given. 

Office one door west of the Court-House, Buffalo-st, 

Rochester, March, 1827. 

SURirlirOR'S OFFICE, 

(Corner of Main and Canal-street.) 

E JOHN SON will continue to devote his attention 
• to Surveying and Civil Engineering. He has in 
his employment two practical men of twenty years' ex- 
perience, one of whom, Mr. Valentine Gill, formerly 
employed as surveyor on the Erie Canal, is an experi- 
enced Draftsman. His instruments, for accuracy, are 
of the superiour kind. Prompt attention will be given 
'o all applications in the line of his business, 
Rochester, March, 1827 



JOHN H. THOMPSON. 



BUFFALO-ST. ROCHESTER, 

Manufacturer, wholesale and retail 
dealer in 

GiU and MaViogans framed 

ZiOOIEINCr-GZi ASSES, 

of all sizes and descriptions. Looking- 
Glass Plates, Picture Frames, Gold 
Leaf, Glaziers' Diamonds, elegant 
American, French and English His- 
torical and Fancy Engravings,Reflect- 
ors for store and boat lamps, by the quantity, at New- 
York prices. 

March, 1827- 




STORAGE, 
Fovwavduig and Commission Business, 



CANAL TRANSPORTATION. 






UNION LINE. 

FOR FREIGHT AND PASSENGERS. 



The subscriber, as agent for the above extensive Line of 



Canal Boats, 



is prepared to receive property and forward the same 
to Albany or New- York. He will also contract to re- 
ceive Merchandise in Albany or New- York, and for- 
ward the same to any part of the western country, or 
the Canadas. 
[CF Office at the stone Warehouse, near the Episcopal Church. 

RUFUS MEECH. 

Rochester, March, 1827 



THOMAS KEMPSHALL 

WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

Br? Aooto* 

AND 

GROCERIES, 

IN THE 

RED STONE BLOCK, CARROLL-STREET. 



Advances made on all kinds of Produce. 

•£f*AU orders attended to with promptitude, 
IATHROP, SHOWN 6L STA3J&BY, 




Sadd\e, Harness, Cap and Trunk 
MAKERS, 

Exchange-street, next door to Allcott k, Watts, near the corner,) 
Keep constantly on hand a general assortment of 

SADDLES SL HARNESSES, 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Hard Leather and Common Trunks, 
Valices, II Military Caps & Belts, 

Portmanteaus, |; Horse Equipage, 
Carpet-Bags, h Saddlers' Hardware, 
Whips, Spurs, || Hames and Trees. 

&.c. tec. he. 
Rochester, March, 1827, 
14* 



Dye Stuffs, 

Paints, 

Oils, 



(No, 5 Buffalo-st. near the Market,) 

COMMISSION MERCHANT, 

AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL VENDER OF 

Glass, 

Ship Chandlery, 

Salt, fyc. Sfc. fyc. 

Who also, with J. A. Sprague, continues the Painting 
and Glazing business in the same building, under the 
firm of 

J. A. S7RACKTE & CO. 

Signs and Fan Sash, finished in the most fashionable 
manner, on short notice. 
Rochester, March, 1827. 

ROCHESTER 

Boot and Shoe Store. 

(Established in 1820.) 



J. GOULD & CO. 

Keep on hand every description of Gentlemen's and 
Ladies' 

AT 

Wholesale and Retail. 

ALSO — A LARGE STOCK OF 

LEATHER, 



TOGETHER WITH 



MOROCCO AND CLOTH, 

FOR LADIES' AND MISSES' BOOTS AND SHOES, 

Grateful acknowledgments are tendered, for the libe- 
ral patronage heretofore received, and a continuance is 
humbly solicited. 

Carroll-st. Rochester, March, 1827. 



ROCHESTER CASH STORE, 

(Established in 1818.J 



(successor to leavitt&hill,) 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

GROCERIES, 

Vnd such other Miscellaneous Goods as are usually 
wanted in " Town and Country." 
STORE, No. 8 BUFFALO-ST. OPPOSITE THE RED MILLS- 
March, 1827. 

GENERAL MAIL AND PILOT 




CORNER OF BUFFALO AND CARROLL-ST. DIRECTLY OPPO- 
SITE THE EAGLE TAVERN. 

TWO Coaches leave this office every day for Canan- 
daigua, Geneva, Auburn, Utica and Albany. 
One, every morning for Lockport, Lewiston, Niagara 
Falls, and Youngstown. 

One, every morning for Avon, Geneseo, Dansville. 
llornellsville, Bath, and Olean Point. 

One, for Palmyra, Lyons, Montezuma, Syracuse, Man- 
lius, Cazenovia, Cherry Valley and Albany, every Tues- 
day, Thursday and Saturday. 

One, for Batavia and Buffalo, every Tuesday, Thurs- 
day and Saturday, through in one day. 

O. ADAMS ■& CO. 
Rochester, March, 1827, 



(No. 9.) 

EIOHANSE-ST. BOOKSTORE. 

Elihu F, Marshall. 

PRINTER, 

BookseWev andStat'ionev. 

{ Having assumed the late concern of Marshall $f Spal- 
ding,) carries on these branches of business, to wit : 

He will execute, with neatness and despatch, all or- 
ders for Book or Job Printing : 

such as 

SHOW BILLS, 




CARDS, 

HANDBILLS, 

CIRCULARS, 



BLANK RECEIPTS. 
WAY-BILLS, 



STORAGE RECEIPTS, 

OR, ANY KIND Of 



Eft 

He has also on hand, or will procure, at short notice. 
Books of the latest and most approved editions, in 

History, Voyages, Theology, 

Biography, \ Law, Poetry, Arts. 

Travels, I Medicine, and Sciences; 

TOGETHER WITH A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF 

CLASSICAL AND SCHOOL BOOKS, 

As well as Sabbath School Books. 

STATIONARY, of various qualities and prices, to 
suit purchasers, such as Paper, of different kinds, Blank 
Books, Justices' Blanks, Deeds, Mortgages, Bonds, Pock- 
et Books, Pencils, Pens, Quills, Penknives, Spc. fyc. 

fld^ BOOK-BINDING is also carried on, in its vari- 
ous branches. Paper nded to order. 

Rochester, 20th of 2d mo. 1827- 




T. & W. KEMPSH ALL 

NFORM their customers, and the publick 
generally, that they have removed to 
their New Shop, a few doors north of their 
(old stand, on Carroll-street, where they 
have, and intend constantly to keep, a large assortment 
of HATS, of every description, on terms (they believe) 
that will give general satisfaction — at any rate, they in- 
vite Merchants and others to call and satisfy themselves. 
03^ CASH PAW FOR FURS. 
Rochester, March, 1827- 

Wholesale Bookstore, 

AWB TAPER WARSHOUSB, 

(Established in 1816.) 



BOOKSELLER, PRINTER AND BOOKBINDER 



AT THE SIGN OF | 




THE LEGER, 



Has constantly for salt, 

AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF 



• 



AT REDUCED PRICES. 



PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING, 

NEATLY EniCUTES. 

0?* CASH PAID FOR RAGS. 

Rochester, March, 1827. 



VALUABLE PROPERTY 

IN ROCHESTER. 

For sale at the general Land Office of 
¥A\sha Johnson and WittVam Atkinson. 

SEVERAL hundred Lots situated in different sections 
of the village, consisting of Mill Lots, Warehouse 
Lots, situations for Dry Docks, Lumber Yards, Boat 
Yards, &c. situated on the Erie Canal and Feeder. — 
Dwelling Lots, Out Lots, and several Farms near the 
village. 

March, 1827. 



PMnU *r|M>oI 



ff^HE publick are hereby notified, that an institution 
-*- has been established, under the title of the Mon- 
roe High School, in Henrietta village, near Rochester ; 
at which the monitorial system of instruction is adopted, 
precisely after the method so successfully pursued in the 
New- York High School under the care of Messrs. Barnes 
aud Griscom. A spacious brick building is erected for 
{he purpose, 50 by 60 feet, and three stories high, with 
a grand room in the middle story, 60 feet long by 40 
wide, and 16 feet high — the whole capable of accom- 
modating about 360 scholars. It is pleasantly located 
in the village of Henrietta, 7 miles from Rochester ; to 
and from which place the mail stage goes daily. The 
situation is retired and healthy. A library is establish- 
ed, and a settled minister resides in the village. The 
principal, having become practically acquainted with the 
system, has received a diploma from Mr. Barnes, prin- 
cipal of the New-York High School, and has engaged an 
assistant teacher, well qualified for the station, who has 
taught a considerable time upon the monitorial plan, in 
one of the publick institutions in the city. There are at 
present in attendance, 80 scholars, male and female. — 
The principal therefore confidently hopes, owing to the 
celebrity of the monitorial system, and the favourable 
auspices under which the school has commenced, it hav- 



ing been open for the reception of scholars only since 
the 22d of January last, that the inducements held out 
at this institution are such, that parents and guardians 
will early embrace the opportunity of placing their chil- 
dren or wards at a school where so many advantages are 
offered. It may not here be out of place to remark, 
what has been so frequently intimated through the medi- 
um of our publick prints, by those who have had ocular 
demonstration of the fact, and was lately so pointedly 
mentioned by our chief magistrate — li That the monito- 
rial system of instruction has completely triumphed over 
every obstacle which at first appeared to hinder its intro- 
duction in schools of the highest grade : inasmuch as it 
is now clearly ascertained, that the system is susceptible 
of being adapted to the study of every science." Onr 
great proof of the eminent utility of the system, may 
be seen, from its general popularity in our enlightened 
metropolis, where nearly ten thousand children are dai- 
ly taught by it. A detailed description of the mode of 
procedure under this system, cannot be given in a pros- 
pectus of this kind. Suffice it to say, it is granted by 
the most enlightened part of community, that by it, much 
time is saved to the student, and much money to the pa- 
rent. The principal invites those who may be desirous 
of getting a more particular knowledge of the system, 
to visit the institution ; where, from a practical elucida- 
tion of its intrinsick merits, he flatters himself he will be 
able to fulfil every expectation grounded on these re- 
marks. 

Both the male and female parts of the school will be 
divided into three departments ; which, together with 
the branches taught in them, are as follows. — 

Introductory Department, 

The alphabet, spelling, writing on slates, reading, wri- 
ting on paper, elements of arithmetick, English gram- 
mar, and geography. — The latter is principally taught 
from maps. 

Junior Department. 

Spelling by dictation, reading, penmanship, arithmetick. 
continuance of geography, sketching maps, composition. 
English grammar, elocution, elements of natural historv 
taught by lectures upon emblematick paintings. 



Senior .Department. 

Analytical grammar, geography complete, mapping; 
use of the celestial and terrestrial globes, higher arithme- 
tick, Bennett's system ef Italian book keeping, algebra, 
geometry, trigonometry, surveying, mensuration, ancient 
geography, antiquities, history, rhetorick, composition, 
explanatory lectures on philosophy, chymistry, and na- 
tural history, Latin, Greek, and French languages. The 
French language will be taught by a native of France. 

The principal has furnished himself with a hydro-ge- 
ographick map, for the aid of the junior and senior de- 
partments in the study of geography, by which is shown 
a perfect exemplification of the earth, the water actually 
flowing between the several islands, continents, &c.) and 
the general principles of navigation. 

The payment of tuition will be made to the principal 
in advance, and the terms of instruction will not be va- 
ried from the following rates. — Introductory, $1,50 per 
quarter of 12 weeks. Junior, $3,00 do. Senior, $5,00. 

The students will be equally taxed, to defray the ex- 
pense of fuel/but no charge will be made for slates, pens, 
or ink. 

Genteel board, for scholars of both sexes, may be had 
at 8 to 12 shillings per week. 

Books (by the most approved authors) furnished by 
the principal, at wholesale prices. 

A committee, appointed by the trustees of the institu- 
tion for the purpose, will, at regular intervals, examine 
both the male and female departments of the school, and 
report for the satisfaction of parents, the progress of the 
students, and the general state and moral discipline of the 
school. This is deemed a better method of critically 
examining a school, than by publick exhibitions, inas- 
much as parents will thus be made more accurately ac- 
quainted with the real advancement of their children, 
and the students themselves will thus have a constant 
stimulant to laudable emulation before them. The mor- 
al and religious instruction of the pupils placed under 
the principal's care, will be sedulously attended to, but 
sectarism will be altogether avoided. 

D. B. CRANE, Principal 
Monroe High School, Henrietta, \ 
Monroe Co. N. Y.March, 1827. j 



^»sailPfii 



mm 






wwSw 












»'ii#i»f<n 



MMa,, 



VWAa 



IfittttflM 






§W?P 



^aaaaM 



,^«*Slsat 



* . ^ A A 



M^W^»^2«^iS 



iwvsra^A^ 



MMMa, 






iM^^?Mi!>wW 



f^;faw 



A^^AA^wM^i 









.*AA^ftW W ^^^:^^^cS^:'saS^3« 



to&Vra^fww 






fflarifo® 



pgwwwwwfe 















